Примечания. [1] Snow CP. 1959, 1963. The two cultures: And a second look

[1] Snow CP. 1959, 1963. The two cultures: And a second look. New York: Mentor, p 11-12.

2 По сообщению из: Dampier WC. 1949. A history of science, and its relation with philosophy & religion, 4^th edition. Cambridge: At the University Press, p 181. Мой перевод цитаты, приведенной на французском языке.

3 Hawking S. 2001. The universe in a nutshell. New York, Toronto, London: Bantam Books, p 85.

4 Цит. по: Nordenskiöld E. 1928. The history of biology: A survey. Eyre LB, translator. New York: Tudor Publishing Co., p 426.

5 Цит. по: Barber B. 1961. Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery. Science 134:596-602.

6 De Duve C. 1995. The beginnings of life on earth. American Scientist 83:428-437.

7 Недавние шаги попечительского совета Американской ассоциации за научный прогресс перечислены в: Frazier K. 2003. AAAS Board urges opposing ‘Intelligent Design’ theory in science classes. Skeptical Inquirer 27(2):5.

8 Chauvin R. 1989. Dieu des fourmis Dieu des étoiles. Paris: France Loisirs, p 214. English translation, mine.

9 Lewontin R. 1997. Billions and billions of demons. New York Review of Books 44 (1):28-32. Курсив автора.

10 Hanson RB, Bloom FE. 1999. Fending off furtive strategists. Science 285:1847.

11 Dobzhansky T. 1973. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The American Biology Teacher 35:125-129.

12 Ayala FJ. 2004. Teaching science in the schools. American Scientist 92:298.

13 Eldredge N. 2000. The triumph of evolution and the failure of creationism. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.

14 Sagan, C. 1996. The demon-haunted world: Science as a candle in the dark. New York: Random House.

15 Barrow JD, Tipler FJ. 1986. The anthropic cosmological principle. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, p 613-682.

16 Tipler FJ. 1994. The physics of immortality: Modern cosmology, God and the resurrection of the dead. New York, London: Doubleday.

17 Чтобы объяснить подобное поведение, была выдвинута концепция обоюдного альтруизма, в рамках которой вы помогаете другому человеку, оказавшемуся в беде, чтобы и он в свое время помог вам, когда вы окажетесь в беде. Постепенное возникновение подобного поведения в группе сопряжено с определенными проблемами, поскольку эта модель поведения не будет функционировать, пока не будет закреплено в популяции. См.: Wilson EO. 1975. Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA, London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, p 120-121. В какой-то степени это еще один пример системы, состоящей из взаимозависимых частей, которая не может функционировать, пока не будет в наличии всех необходимых компонентов.

18 Wilson EO. 1975. Sociobiology: The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA, London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

19 Dawkins R. 1976, 1989. The selfish gene, new edition. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

20 Анализ взглядов Доукинса см.: McGrath A. 2005. Dawkins’ god: Genes, memes, and the meaning of life. Malden, MA, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

21 Wilson EO. 1978. On human nature. Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press, p 188.

22 Подробнее об этих столкновениях можно узнать из следующих трех источников: (a) Brown A. 1999. The Darwin wars: The scientific battle for the soul of man. London: Touchstone; (b) Ruse M. 2000. The evolution wars: A guide to the debates. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, p 203-230; (c) Segerstråle U. 2000. Defenders of the truth: The battle for science in the sociobiology debate and beyond. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. В последней книге эти споры описаны особенно исчерпывающе.

23 Мы уже обсуждали этот вопрос в главе 6.

24 (a) Segerstråle U. 2000. Defenders of the truth: The battle for science in the sociobiology debate and beyond. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, p 23; (b) Wilson EO. 1994. Naturalist. Washington, DC, Covelo, CA: Island Press/Shearwater Books, p 307.

25 Gould SJ. 2002. Rocks of ages: Science and religion in the fullness of life. New York: Ballantine Books. Есть повод думать, что Гулд не всегда отзывался о религии столь положительно, как это отражено в данном издании.

26 Maynard Smith J. 1995. Genes, memes, & minds. The New York Review of Books 42(19):46-48.

27 Цит. по: Ruse M. 2000. The evolution wars: A guide to the debates. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, p 231-232.

28 (a) Segerstråle U. 2000. Defenders of the truth: The battle for science in the sociobiology debate and beyond. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, p 29-30; (b) Shermer M. 2001. The evolution wars. Skeptic 8(4):67-74; (c) Wilson EO. 1994. Naturalist. Washington, DC, Covelo, CA: Island Press/Shearwater Books, p 338.

29 Matthew 18:15-17.

30 Lumsden CJ, Wilson E. O. 1981. Genes, mind and culture: The coevolutionary process. Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press.

31 (a) Maynard Smith J, Warren N. 1982. Models of cultural and genetic change. Evolution 36:620-627; (b) Segerstråle U. 2000. Defenders of the truth: The battle for science in the sociobiology debate and beyond. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, p 162-164.

32 Текст интервью приведен в: Segerstråle U. 2000 Defenders of the truth: The battle for science in the sociobiology debate and beyond. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, p 165-166.

33 Ruse M. 2000. The evolution wars: A guide to the debates. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, p 224.

34 Kitcher P. 1985. Vaulting ambition: Sociobiology and the quest for human nature. Cambridge, MA, London: The MIT Press, p ix, 9, 333.

35 Alcock J. 2001. The triumph of sociobiology. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.

36 Beckwith J. 2001. Triumphalism in science. American Scientist 89:471-472.

37 (a) Bednekoff PA. 1997. Mutualism among safe, selfish sentinels: A dynamic game. The American Naturalist 150:373-392; (b) Clutton-Brock TH, et al. 2001. Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats. Science 293:2446-2449; (c) Clutton-Brock TH, et al. 1999. Selfish sentinels in cooperative mammals. Science 284:1640-1644.

38 Две недавние и не очень удачные попытки описаны в: (a) Hamer DH. 2004. The God gene: How faith is hardwired into our genes. New York, London: Doubleday; (b) Newberg A, d’Aquili EG, Rause V. 2002. Why God won’t go away: Brain science and the biology of belief. New York: Ballantine Books.

39 Например: Gander EM. 2003. On our minds: How evolutionary psychology is reshaping the nature-versus-nurture debate. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

40 Wright R. 1994. The moral animal: Evolutionary psychology and everyday life. New York: Vintage Books, p 378.

41 Rose H, Rose S, editors. 2000. Alas, poor Darwin: Arguments against evolutionary psychology. New York: Harmony Books.

42 Wegner DM. 2002. The illusion of conscious will. Cambridge, MA, London: Bradford Books.

43 Thornhill R, Palmer CT. 2000. A natural history of rape: Biological bases of sexual coercion. Cambridge, MA, London: The MIT Press.

44 Ghiselin MT. 1974. The economy of nature and the evolution of sex. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, p 247.

45 Provine, WB. 2001. From a lecture I attended, given at the Riverside campus of the University of California, 5 April.

46 (a) Gould SJ. 1989. Wonderful life: The Burges shale and the nature of history. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company, p 323; (b) Huxley A. 1937. Ends and means. New York, London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, p 316.

47 Sokal AD. 1996. Transgressing the boundaries: Towards a transformative hermeneutics of quantum gravity. Social Text 46/47; 14(1,2):217-252.

48 Отчеты об этом любопытном случае можно прочесть в: (a) Editors of Lingua Franca. 2000. The Sokal hoax: The sham that shook the academy. Lincoln, NE, London: University of Nebraska Press; (b) Segerstråle U. 2000. Science and science studies: Enemies or allies? In: Segerstråle U. editor: Beyond the science wars: The missing discourse about science and society. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, p 1-40.

49 Уже обсуждалось в главе 6.

50 Gross PR, Levitt N. 1994, 1998. Higher superstition: The academic left and its quarrels with science. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

51 Gross PR, Levitt N. 1994, 1998. Higher superstition: The academic left and its quarrels with science. Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, p 34.

52 Более подробно об этой примечательной войне см. в четырех предыдущих ссылках, а также в: (a) Brown JR. 2001 Who rules in science: An opinionated guide to the wars. Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press; (b) Collins H, Pinch T. 1998. The golem at large: What you should know about technology. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; (c) Collins H, Pinch T. 1998. The golem: What you should know about science, 2^nd edition. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press; (d) Gross PR, Levitt N, Lewis MW, editors. 1996. The flight from science and reason. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences; (e) Koertge N, editor. 1998. A house built on sand: Exposing postmodernist myths about science. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press; (f) Sokal A, Bricmont J. 1998. Fashionable nonsense: Postmodern intellectuals’ abuse of science. New York: Picador USA.

53 Обсуждение этой головоломки см.: Forman P. 1995. Truth and objectivity, part 1: Irony; part 2 Trust. Science 269:565-567, 707-710.

54 См. главы 3 и 5.

Рис. 7.1 Суриката, млекопитающее семейства мангустовых; живет в норах и пустотах между камнями.

Источник: Corel Professional Photo Library.

Date: 2015-09-05; view: 468; Нарушение авторских прав