Введение в экономику

1. Economics (экономика) - the study of how society decides what, how, and for whom to produce.

2. Economy (экономика) – any particular system of organization for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services people use to achieve a certain standard of living.

3. Macroeconomics (макроэкономика) - the study of aggregate economic behaviour, of the economy as a whole.

4. Microeconomics (микроэкономика) - the study of individual behaviour in the economy, of the components of the larger economy.

5. Economic theory (экономическая теория) - simplification of an economic theory, designed to capture the important elements of the relation under consideration.

6. Economic system (экономическая система)- the way in which a nation allocates its resources among its citizens.

7. Economic model (экономическая модель) - a simplified representation of an economy or it is a formal statement of a theory. It is often expressed in equations, by graphs, or in words.

8. Economic policy (экономическая политика) - a course of actions that will correct or avoid a problem.

9. Factors of production (факторы производства)- the resources used to produce goods and services: natural resources, labour, capital and entrepreneurs.

10. Natural resources (природные ресурс) - items used in the production of goods and services in their natural state, including land, water, minerals, and trees.

11. Scarce resource (редкий ресурс) - one for which the demand at a zero price would exceed the available supply.

12. Labour (труд) - the mental and physical training and the talents of people; sometimes it is called human resources.

13. Entrepreneur (предприниматель) - an individual who organizes and manages natural resources, labour and capital in order to produce goods and services in order to earn a profit (but who also runs the risks of failure).

14. Capital (капитал) - the funds provided by investors, lenders, and the profits retained by the firm to finance the firm’s activities.

15. Business (предприятие) - an organization or a set of activities that aim at earning profits by providing goods and services.

16. Profit (прибыль) - the money that remains after a firm deducts its expenses of producing and marketing goods or services (expenditures) from its revenues (receipts).

ТЕМА № 2 INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS (PART 2)