Экономические циклы и экономические показатели

1. Business cycle (деловой цикл) - alternating periods of higher and lower rates of economic growth; recurrent ups and downs over a period of years in the level of economic activity.

2. Economic fluctuation (экономическое колебание) - a general upward or downward movement in output and employment, pervading many sectors of the economy.

3. Upswing (подъем) - a pervasive upward movement in output and employment.

4. Boom (бум) - a period of rapid economic growth and usually lower than average unemployment.

5. Upper turning point (peak) (максимальная точка цикла, пик) - a short period during which an upswing ends and a downswing begins.

6. Downswing (спад) - a pervasive downward movement in output and employment.

7. Recession (рецессия) - the contraction phase of a business cycle; a mild downswing in output and employment.

8. Depression (депрессия) - a severe contraction phase of a business cycle involving prolonged decline in output and employment; a period of low national income and high unemployment.

9. Slump (кризис) - a period of lower than average national income and higher than average unemployment, one that has continued or is expected to continue for a number of years.

10. Lower turning point (trough) (минимальная точка цикла) - a short period during which a downswing ends and an upswing begins.

11. Recovery (восстановление) - a period after a trough; business begins to increase its spending levels. It is a period of increasing business activity and decreasing unemployment.

12. Stagnation (стагнация) - contraction in the economy’s aggregate output.

13. Economic indicator (экономический показатель) – a variable that has a high correlation with the level of economic activity.

14. Leading economic indicator (опережающий экономический показатель) – a variable that, experience has shown, normally turns down before recessions start and turns up before expansions begin.

15. Lagging economic indicator (запаздывающий экономический показатель) - follows (comes after) a stage of the business cycle.

16. Coinciding economic indicator (совпадающий экономический показатель) - changes at the same time as the business cycle.