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1. Wind turbines are now a relatively common sight across Europe, with countries such as Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, UK, Spain and latterly France, all investing in wind farms. Offshore wind development, although far less advanced, is the greatest prize in this field. However, relative costs of offshore compared to onshore are higher.

2. This project is aimed to demonstrate the economic as well as technical viability of offshore wind energy. The former was achieved through the innovative use of a floating jack-up barge which reduced the time and costs of installation. The latter was achieved mainly through the incorporation of new electronic control systems which improved the compatibility with the grid network, and reduced the need

for expensive grid strengthening measures.

3. Five turbines were installed, about 4 km off the coast of Gotland. Each turbine is rated at 500 kW. The average annual output is some 8 GWh/y, from mean wind speeds of 8 m/s. Rock-socketed steel mono-pile foundations, to water depths of 5 to 6.5 m were used to secure the turbines. Total construction time was only 35 days. Monitoring of impacts on local flora and fauna, such as the seal population, is also being carried out.

4. Wind energy developments have, in the past, been concentrated in areas of the world which offer higher than average wind speeds. Often, this means that developments take place in remote and/or sensitive areas. A technology which can increase the economic attractiveness of utilizing sites with lower wind speeds would be invaluable (бесценный). This project will design, manufacture, install, test and measure the impact of two 1 MW turbines which have been specially

adapted for use in low wind speed areas. The aim is to increase power production by up to 22%, compared to a standard turbine, mainly through the technological adaptations which allow for an enhanced rotor diameter, with a swept area of 2,830 m2, and an increase in tower height from 50 to 70 m. The new turbine is installed at a site in Central Sweden.

Примечания

1. onshore – береговой;

2. jack-up – самоопрокидывающийся;

3. compatibility – совместимость

Date: 2016-02-19; view: 724; Нарушение авторских прав