IronDeposits

IronisoneofthemostabundantmetalsintheEarth’scrust. There are three important classes of iron deposits associated with igneous rocks; residual deposits and sedimentary deposits. Iron deposits associated with igneous rocks are usually small but very rich bodies either of hematite or magnetite. Large concentrations have been successfully mined in Pensylvania (the USA) and in the Russian Federation.

Residual deposits of iron minerals are formed wherever weathering occurs. Iron deposits formed this way are very widespread. Sedimentary iron deposits make up most of the world’s current production.

As the essential component of every variety of steel, iron is obviously the most important of all industrial metals. It has played a large part in the development of our modern civilization. Iron ores are mainly used for producing cast iron, steels and ferroalloys. From a scientific point of view, iron’s most significant property is that it becomes magnetized. The magnetic iron ore is the main wealth of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA). Iron fields are worked by surface mining which is more economical. But the KMA is rich not only in iron ores. Its deposits contain bauxite, phosphorite, cement, sand and clay.

Составьтепланктекстувформепростыхпредложений.

Вариант 3

1) Обозначьте словообразовательные элементы в следующих словах. Словапереведите:

1. industrial, 2. extraction, 3. significant, 4. researcher, 5. conglomerate, 6. relative, 7. lithosphere, 8. investment.

2) Подчеркните двойные союзы. Предложения переведите на русский язык:

1. Hydrothermal mineral deposits are neither common, nor very large compared to other geological features.

2. Mineral deposits have been found both in rocks that lie beneath the oceans and in rocks that form the continents.

3. Neither of them is a mining engineer.

4. In a few cases, silicate minerals are used as ore minerals because the metals either do not form more desirable minerals or form desirable minerals that rarely occur in large deposits.

3) Употребите глагол ’tohave’ в нужной форме. Предложения переведите на русский язык:

1. Pegmatites (to have) been discovered in all continents.

2. Our understanding of Earth (to have) expanded tremendously in the past 100 years.

3. Humans (to have) been on the Earth for a mere 0.004% of the Earth’s history.

4. They (to have) a very important conference tomorrow.

4) Подчеркните сказуемые в следующих предложениях. Предложения переведите на русский язык и к предложениям в страдательном залоге задайте общий вопрос:

1. The Earth is a little over 4.5 billion years old.

2. Russia is the world's second largest PGE producer, after South Africa.

3. The deepest gold mines are about 4 Km. below the Earth's surface.

4. The most significant mineral producing regions in Russia are located in the Kola Peninsula, the North Caucuses, East Siberia, the Urals and the Russian Far East.

5. The first Russian dredge was introduced into mining practice in the Amur region by the Verkhne-Amurskaya company in 1894.

6. Anthracite is a hard, shiny, black coal that burns with a blue, smokeless flame.

7. The United Kingdom has an estimated 780 million tonnes of proved and probable oil reserves.

8. Tin and lead is still being mined from deep mines located in England, Scotland and Wales.

5) Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их заменители в следующих предложениях. Предложенияпереведитенарусскийязык:

1. Impurities must be removed from the ore before the extraction of the metal.

2. Certain kinds of mineral can be smelted more readily than others.

3. Scientists have to apply different geophysical methods to explore a certain mineral.

4. Coal was so abundant in Britain that the supply could be stepped up to meet the rapidly rising demand.

5. In future we’ll be able to explain the origin of the Earth.

6. Diamonds cannot be formed in the low temperatures and pressures.

7. They are to make a lot of experiments and investigations.

8. We should have checked the data once more before making the final conclusion.

6) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем: