Mikhail Lomonosov

Russia's first world-famed specialist in natural science, a poet who laid down the foundations of Russian literary language and an advocate of education, Mikhail VasilievichLomonosov (1711-1765) will forever remain in the history of Russian science as "the first and the greatest."

Aspiring to get an education, Lomonosov left his native village of Kholmogory in Northern Russia in 1730 and travelled all the way to Moscow on foot. The son of a poor fisherman, he had to conceal his origin in order to be admitted to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy of Moscow, where he started his education at the age of 19. Recognized by his instructors as an excellent student, he completed his education in St. Petersburg and in Germany. He became the first Russian professor of chemistry at St. Petersburg Academy of Science in 1745. His major scientific accomplishment was in the field of physical chemistry, with other notable discoveries in astronomy, geophysics, geology, metallurgy and mineralogy.

Mikhail Lomonosov was the one who created a system of higher education in Russia. The foundation of a university in Moscow became possible only due to the efforts of M. Lomonosov, the outstanding Russian scholar and scientist, a person of encyclopedic knowledge. In 1940 on the occasion of its 185th Anniversary, Moscow State University was named after him.

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Вариант 4

1) Подчеркните местоимения в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Do you have any practical training in addition to your lectures and practical classes?

2. He discovered that a body loses as much motion as it gives to another body.

3. Those experiments are hard to carry out.

4. Is there any additional information on the formation of the diamonds? – Nothing new.

5. This igneous rock is very common.

6. Trolls are everyone’s favorite bogey in Ireland and England.

7. If a dog goes inside a coal mine, someone who works in the mine will be killed (English miners’ superstition)

8. It was bad luck to enter a mine if you met a red headed woman on the way to work (common miners’ superstition).

2) Объясните употребление или отсутствие артиклей. Предложенияпереведите:

1. He works as a mining engineer.

2. In 2006, there were over 2,200 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of the United Kingdom.

3. The United Kingdom is the fourth largest producer of natural gas in the world, after Russia, the United States, and Canada.

4. Diamonds are pure carbon and the hardest mineral of all.

5. The uranium mining area of Krasnokamensk is situated in Eastern Siberia.

6. Roman miners dug vertical shafts and horizontal galleries and adits.

3) Подчеркните прилагательные. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The Cullinan was later cut into nine large stones and about 100 smaller ones.

Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an orebody, lode, vein, (coal) seam or reef, which forms the mineralized horizon and package of economic interest to the miner. In 2005, Russia ranked among the leading world producers or was a significant producer of such mineral commodities as aluminum; arsenic; asbestos; bauxite; boron; cadmium; cement; coal; cobalt; copper; diamond; fluorspar; gold; iron ore; lime; lithium; magnesium compounds and metals; mica, sheet, and flake; natural gas; nickel; nitrogen; oil shale; palladium; peat; petroleum; phosphate; potash; rhenium; silicon, sulfur; titanium sponge; tin; tungsten; and vanadium.

Following the mineral fuel industry, the next leading branch of the mineral industry, in terms of its contribution to the national economy was the metallurgical sector, which contributed 19% of the value of industrial production, accounted for 11.1% of the value of industrial capital stock, and employed 9.3% of the industrial labor force. In 2005, a total of 1,071,000people were employed in the mineral extraction sector and made up 1.6% of the country's labor force. Investment in mineral extraction and metallurgy accounted for about 20% of total investment in the Russian economy.

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