Exercises. Ex.1. Form adjectives from the verbs with the help of the suffixes -able

Ex.1. Form adjectives from the verbs with the help of the suffixes -able

(-ible) according to the model; translate them into Ukrainian (Russian):

Model: drink – пити → drinkable – придатний для пиття.

Saponify; change; melt; distinguish; move; obtain; remark; dissolve; coagulate; compress; oxidize.

Ex.2.Translate into Ukrainian (Russian) the following nouns with the suffixes -ance(ence):

Depend – dependence; differ – difference; occur – occurrence; import (мати значення) – importance; disturb (турбувати) – disturbance; exist (існувати) – existence; resist – resistance; interfere – interference; excel – excellence.

Ex.3. Open the brackets choosing the correct forms of the verb:

1. It (to be) essential that the food of man and animals (to contain) small amounts of organic substances.

2. If anyone of some fifteen or more of these compounds (to be lacking) in the diet there (to occur) a breakdown of the normal metabolic processes.

3. Cer­tain vitamins cannot (to synthesize) in the tissues of animals.

4. Certain vitamins of the water-soluble group (to know) to be essential constituents of the respiratory enzymes.

5. Vitamin A (to synthesize) by three separate processes.

6. The ester forms of the vitamin (to find) to possess greater stability than the free alcohol.

Ex.4. Translate into English:

1. Продукти харчування повинні вміщувати певну кількість білків, жирів, вуглеводів та вітамінів.

2. Ряд специфічних захворювань безпосередньо пов’язані з дефектами харчування.

3. Було доведено, що наявність вітамінів у їжі є дуже важливими та необхідними для харчування.

4. За нашого часу (нині) відомо багато вітамінів, виявлена їх хімічна структура.

5. Вітаміни отримують шляхом переробки продуктів, в яких вони містяться.

6. Вітаміни поділяються на дві групи: 1) вітаміни, розчині в жирах: 2) вітаміни розчині у воді.

7. У наш час розроблено ряд методів отримання вітамінів.

Ex.5. Make up situations, using the following words and word combinations.

1. Vitamins are important constituents of the living organism.

vitamins, to be important, compounds, man, animal, to be lack­ing, the diet, a

breakdown, to occur, processes, metabolic, malnu­trition, symptoms, result, to

cause, deficiency, diseases.

2. Vitamins are unlike each other in chemical composition and functions.

vitamins, to be unlike, composition, chemical nature, to be alike, function, to

be synthesized, animals, tissues, to fall into, categories, to perform, normal,

metabolic, structural.

Ex.6. Read and translate the sentences; find the Absolute Participle Constructions.

1. The dust irritates the mucous membrane, the taste being bitter and sticky.

2. The source of all vitamin A is in the carotenoid pigments, the yellow-coloured compounds occurring in all chloro­phyll-containing plants.

3. The conductivity depends on the number of ions present, the substance being more ionised in dilute solution.

4. Oxygen combines with most elements, the product formed being called an oxide.

5. The sodium atom has eleven electrons, the elev­enth one occupying a position in the third shell.

6. Vitamins per­form important functions in the organism, vitamin A being essen­tial for the maintenance of normal epithelial tissue.

7. The food for man and animals contains small amounts of vitamins, the human requirement for vitamin A being 5000 U.S.P.¹ units daily.

1. U. S. P. – United States Pharmacopoeia

Ex.7. Transform the sentences according to the model. Find and translate the Absolute Participle Construction.

Model: As other liquids are too light, a barometer uses mercury. → Other

liquids being too light, a barometer uses mercury.

1. After the reaction was over, the solution was heated on a water-bath for 30 minutes.

2. Since the two binary oxides have the same structure the mixed oxide phase may be regarded as a solid solution of the two oxides.

3. When some of the compounds are lacking in the diet there occurs a deficiency disease.

4. As rimactane has a bright-brownish-red colour, reddish colouration of

body fluids may arise.

5. Since epinephrine is rapidly destroyed in the body, its action upon intravenous injection is of a short duration.

6. When the hyperstimulation with the drug given occurs, treatment should be stopped and the patient hospitalized.

Ex.8. Make up one sentence using the Absolute Participle Construction according to the given model:

Model: The experiment is very interesting. We work readily. → The

experiment being very interesting, we work readily.

1. Vitamins are small amounts of organic substances. They existed before life originated on Earth.

2. The vitamins are unlike each other in chemical composition and their function in nature. They cannot be synthesized in the tissues of animals.

3. The vitamins perform some functions. These functions fall into two categories.

4. Vitamin A is an unsaturated cyclic alcohol. It is synthesized by at least three separate processes.

5. The source of all vitamin A is in the carotenoid pigments. They occur in all chlorophyll-containing plants.

6. The vitamin is present in fish oils. It exists in the free alcohol and in the ester form.

7. Certain vitamins are known to be essential constituents of the respiratory enzymes. They are required in the utilization of energy from oxidative catabolism of sugars.

Ex.9. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the sources of vitamins?

2. What kind of substances are vitamins?

3. How are vitamins produced?

4. What diseas­es does the deficiency of vitamins cause?

5. What vitamins do you know?

6. Why are vitamins very important for the organism?

7. What are vitamins C, B, D, A characterized by?

8. What vita­mins are essential constituents of the respiratory enzymes?

9. How is vitamin A synthesized?

10. Where does vitamin A occur?

Ex.10. Read text B. Thy to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words from the context.