Полезное:
Как сделать разговор полезным и приятным
Как сделать объемную звезду своими руками
Как сделать то, что делать не хочется?
Как сделать погремушку
Как сделать так чтобы женщины сами знакомились с вами
Как сделать идею коммерческой
Как сделать хорошую растяжку ног?
Как сделать наш разум здоровым?
Как сделать, чтобы люди обманывали меньше
Вопрос 4. Как сделать так, чтобы вас уважали и ценили?
Как сделать лучше себе и другим людям
Как сделать свидание интересным?
Категории:
АрхитектураАстрономияБиологияГеографияГеологияИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКулинарияКультураМаркетингМатематикаМедицинаМенеджментОхрана трудаПравоПроизводствоПсихологияРелигияСоциологияСпортТехникаФизикаФилософияХимияЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника
Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph
6. Read the text once more and match the parts of the sentences:
• The external walls • are designed to be weatherproof and
• The steel frame
• The lining panels
• The walls planks
• The stanchions
to support the outer cladding.
• are made of brick cladding wall
planks, windows, door, heads and
sills.
• are closed in casings.
• are capable of being removed to
give access to the services.
• is being erected.
TEXT № 9 MASONRY
Before-Reading
1. Discuss the following:
• What kinds of work are used to build houses?
• Did you take part at any kind of work?
2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
• brick
• cement
• inner
• metal tie
• quality
• reinforcement
• rod
• space
• standard
• thickness
• veneer
• to manufacture
• damage
• укрепление
• место
• прут
• внутренний
• металлическая связь
• цемент
• качество
• производить
• толщина
• кирпич
• стандарт
• повреждение
• фанера
While-Reading
1. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
• to include stone work
• cement mortar
• concrete units
• space between inner
• an earthquake
• a damage
• a similar manner
• vertical parallel walls
• a vertical reinforcement
• to standard reinforcing rods
We have mentioned about some methods of constructing walls for buildings. All walls are made of different materials. For example, walls are made of brick. The brick walls are laid up with a space between separate vertical parallel walls and connected with occasional cross bricks or metal ties. This method provides «cavity walls.» In areas of possible earthquake damage the «cavity» in brick work and the open cells in concrete units is reinforced with standard reinforcing rods and fully grouted with a soupy mixture of concrete. Normal spacing for vertical reinforcement is #4 at 24" with #4 at 48" horizontal fully, encased in grout up to 10" high. Reinforcement requirements should be shown on the drawings for other situations.
| foundations, exterior or fire-separation walls. The brick and concrete units are manufactured in standard sizes. Though a stone may be any size, thickness, quality or color. 2. Reading for specific information. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text: • What is masonry? • What materials does masonry include? • What spacing is normal for vertical reinforcement? • What method provides "cavity walls"? • What is in a similar manner laid? • What is manufacture in standard sizes? 3. Read the text again and complete the sentences: ..vertical reinforcement is..... brick and concrete units are... Masonry is installed with......a space between... In areas of possible earthquake......primarily as foundations......standard reinforcing rods......reinforcement requirements... This method provides......exterior or fire-separation walls... 4. Read the text and say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements: • This method provides "cavity rooms". • In areas of possible earthquake damage the "cavity" in brick work. • Masonry is installed with cement mortar at exit and end joints. |
But it is a special part of building called masonry. Masonry is installed with cement mortar at bed and end joints, usually 3/8" or 1/2" thick. The masonry includes a stone or brick work and concrete units. The concrete units are laid in a similar manner, but obviously there is no open space between inner and outer shells. Each unit has an open core. The concrete units are used primarily as Brick and concrete units are manufactured in substandard sizes.
• Masonry includes plastic work, brick, and others.
• Normal spacing for vertical reinforcement is #4 at 24".
• Concrete units are laid in a similar manner.
• Brick walls are laid up with a space between frames.
TEXT № 10
BRICK WORK
Before-Reading
1. Discuss the following:
• What kinds of work do you know?
• Have you worked anywhere?
2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
• shade
• glaze
• dump
• ash
• lintel
• pattern
• installation
• labor
• scaffold
• pavement
• clay
• глина
• образец
• свалка
• труд
• перемычка
• глина
• подмостки
• зола
•• установка
• тротуар
• образец
While-Reading
Date: 2015-10-21; view: 1359; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА... |