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The Gerund in the function of Object
10.0. In the function of Object GER is used either as a direct or indirect prepositional Obj. to the verb predicate depending on the transitivity of the verb. It is also a direct Obj. to such predicates as be worth, can’t help, can’t stand/bear. GER is an Obj. in such impersonal sentences as It entails/involves/means/necessitates doing something.
10.1.1. As a direct Obj. immediately following the predicate GER is used after a number of monotransitive verbs (taking only one object). Some of them may be followed only by the GER, while others take either GER or INF (with or without any difference in meaning – for details see the section describing the alternative use of INForGER).
| Admit, appreciate, avoid, be worth, can’t help, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, discuss, dislike, dispute, endure, enjoy, (it) entails, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, forgive, hinder, imagine, (it) involves, loathe, (it) means, mention, mind (=object to), miss, pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, put off, recall, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understand: Jane and he tacitly avoided being left together. Even in his most horrible nightmares, Dr. van der Berg had never imaginedbeing stranded on a hostile world in a tiny space capsule, with only a madman for company. “Then what is it?... If you don't mindmy asking?” “She's got to be captain – I can't riskdestroying this mission.”Yesterday Mr. Jacobs was discussingflying. Mustapha enjoyedfishing in the traditional way: he did not fish for food, but for life. | + GER |
| Advise, allow, attempt, can’t stand/bear, deserve, dread, fear, forbid, forget, hate, intend, like, love, mean, need, omit, permit, recommend, regret, remember, require, prefer, propose, want: But none of us wanted to test that theory, although it neededtesting. I came in through the window – I can’tstandgoingthrough the house anymore. I fearedskiing rapidly down the mountain. “ Can you standseeing him this evening?” This position requiresyour getting here on time every day. The front gate wantsmending. Do you wantto test the device? I needto tell you where I was wrong. She can’t standto be left alone. I am advisedto be out of doors as much as I can. | + GER or INF |
10.1.2. When the cognition verbs such as find, think, consider, believe take an Obj. expressed by the gerundial phrase the Obj. is extraposed – it appears after the objective predicative (predicative to the Obj.). The position of the Obj. in this case is filled with the formal, ‘empty’ or introductory it:
I find it strange our going without you. I think it no use your/you arguing about trifles.
10.1.3. GER as a Prepositional Object goes with the predicates expressed by one of the following verbs or phrases be + Adj/PII (mind specific prepositions with GER after certain verbs):
| Monotransitive verbs requiring prepositions with their objects | Ditransitive verbs taking a direct and a prepositional object | Phrases be + Adj/PII/Stative | Preposition |
| Hear, learn, think1 (all in the meaning ‘have an opinion’) | Accuse, suspect | Be afraid, be tired, be conscious, be aware, be capable, be fond, be sure, be ignorant, be proud | of |
| Think2 (=consider, meditate, ponder), dream | Be excited | about | |
| Persist, consist, succeed | Assist, have no difficulty | Be absorbed, be engrossed | in |
| Count, depend, rely, insist, agree1 (=decide) | Congratulate | Be keen | on |
| Agree2 (=to consent), object, look forward | Be accustomed, be/get used | to | |
| Thank, blame, to take blame, praise, punish, sentence | Be responsible, be famous | for | |
| Prevent, stop | from | ||
| Help | with/in | ||
| Be charged | with | ||
| Be good, be bad, | at | ||
| Be surprised | at (time) by(cause) | ||
| Be (dis)pleased | with/by | ||
| Be angry | at (time) about/over (cause) |
E.g. Rachael was surprisedat her mother's forgetting about their plan. He was accusedof bribing a government official but chargedwith only trying to do it. Do you agreeto our seeing him first, before he tries to meet you? We are looking forward to seeing you again. We easily got usedto driving in a big city. Please come tomorrow, I counton your staying for the whole evening. He was not at all afraid of dying but he was angry at being trapped on this hill which was only utilizable as a place to die.
Note: Mind the difference in the meaning when a verb is combined with different prepositions, e.x.: use be sorry about + GER to tell your feelings concerning some situation or fact, etc. where you were not involved e.g. I’m sorry about her leaving. Use be sorry for + GER to refer to what you did wrong, to repent or regret, e.g. I ‘m sorry for leaving you alone that night.
Date: 2015-09-24; view: 524; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА... |