Функції

- підмета:

To listen to him is always pleasant. – Слухати його завжди приємно.

- називної частини складного присудка:

To talk too much is to waste time. – Говорити дуже багато значить губити час.

- частини складеного дієслівного присудка:

May I come in? – Можна мені війти?

She is to help you in your work.- Вона повинна вам допомогти в вашій роботі.

- додатка:

Ann learned to speak English well. – Аня навчилася добре розмовляти англійською.

- частини складного додатка:

Do you expect him to come today? – Ви вважаєте, що він прийде сьогодні?

- означення:

Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space. – Юрій Гагарін був першою людиною, яка полетіла в космос.

Ex.10 Open the brackets using the corresponding tense of the verb:

1. I knew they (to wait) for me at the metro station and I decided to hurry. 2. I didn’t know that you already (to wind) up the clock. 3. I was afraid that the little girl (not to be) able to unlock the front door and (to go) upstairs to help her.4. He says that he (to know) the laws of the country. 5. Sarie understood why Lanny (not to come) the previous evening. 6. She asked me whether I (to remember) the legend about a faithful lion. 7. He understood that the soldiers (to arrest) him. 8. He could not understand why people (not to want) to take water from that well. 9. I suppose they (to send) a dog after the burglar immediately. 10. He said he (to leave) tomorrow morning. 11. She says she already (to find) the book. 12. He stopped and listened: the clock (to strike0 five. 13. She said she (can) not tell me the right time, her watch (to be) wrong. 14. I asked my neighbour if he ever (to travel) by air before. 15. The policeman asked George where he (to run) so early. 16. The delegates were told that the guide just (to go) out and (to be) back in ten minutes.

Ex.11 Translate into English using the rules of the sequence of tenses:

1. Я боявся, що заблукаю у лісі. 2. Вона знала, що ми ніколи не бачили її картини. 3. вчений був упевнений, що знайде розв’язання проблеми.4. Я знав, що ти приїхав у Київ, і сподівався, що ти відвідаєш мене. 5. Ми не думали, що він так розсердиться. 6. Ми вчора довідалися, що вона хвора. 7. Він думав що вона не прийде в технікум.8. Я знав, що моя сестра вивчає французьку, і думав, що вона поїде в Париж. 9. Мені сказали, що ти мені телефонував. 10. Я думав, що ти в Москві.11. Я не знав, що ти вже повернувся в Київ. 12. Ми сподівалися, що поїдемо в Лондон. 13. Вчитель сказав, що наші друзі надіслали лист із Лондона.14. Вона сказала, що її подруга запросила її в театр.15. Ми боялися, що не купимо квиток у театр. 16. Ми побачили, що діти граються у піску. 17. Вона сказала, що більше не буде купатися, тому що вода холодна. 18 Моя двоюрідна сестра сказала, що любить оперу і буде рада піти з нами в театр, хоча вже двічі слухала „ Травіату.(La Traviata)”.

Ex.12 Change the following sentences from Direct into Indirect Speech:

a) 1. Jack wrote to his friend: “I am not able to come to see you this summer”. 2. He said: “Our boat carries an oxygen reserve that will be enough for more that a week”. 3. The worker said: “I have brought all essential equipment”. 4. Ann said: “ I went on an excursion last week”.5. He said: “I have read this novel and like it very much”.

b) 1. She asked me: “Will you go to the theatre on Sunday?” 2. I asked her: “Did you finish this book yesterday? 3. Pete asked his mother: “May I go out?”4. The mother asked him: “Have you done your homework?» Pete answered: “Yes, I have”.

c) 1. Mary said to me: “Why didn’t you come?” 2. Mother asked me: “When did Tom go to bed?” 3. They asked Mary: “When will your husband return home?”4. The teacher asked me: “What is your name?”5. He asked Pete: “Where were you born?”

d) 1. He said to me: “Go this way, please”.2. The man said tome: “Give me a match, please”. 3. The teacher said to us “Open your books on page 11 and read the text”.4. She said to the child: “Don’t touch my books”.

Непряма мова: При перетворенні прямої мови на непряму не забувайте замінити обставини часу, як нижче зазначено.

Direct into Indirect:

Today – that day; yesterday – the day before; tomorrow – the next day;...ago -...before; this.. – that..; these... – those...; here – there; last year – the year before; last month – the month before; last... – the... before; next... – the following

Ex.13 State the forms functions of the Infinitive. Translate the sentences:

1. To flow through an electric field electrons must be freed from their atoms. 2. The most important fact to remember about a diode is how much current it will pass with a given amount of plate voltage. 3. Another use for a diode is to maintain a special voltage level for a signal. 4. A diode circuit used to pass one half of a signal is a detector. 5. You will learn how to use a tube manual to obtain information about vacuum tubes. 6. The tetrode was developed in order to overcome a particular shortcoming of triodes. 7. The two charges are concentrated immediately adjacent to the junction and produce a potential barrier is such as to oppose the further diffusion of majority charge carriers across the junction, but to aid the movement of minority charge carriers.8. This current increases with in crease in the reverse bias voltage until the point is reached where almost no majority charge carriers possess sufficient energy to be able to cross the junction. 9. Holes are caused to drift towards the junction.