Main components and principles of domestic practical public health care

MANAGEMENT AND CARE OF THERAPEUTIC PATIENTS

Study guide

Tambov 2013

Reviewers:

Topchieva Z.S.,Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor of the Department of Pathology of Tambov State University named After G.R Derzhavin.

Hovrin S.V., Candidate of Medicine, Head of the Endoscopic Department of Regional Oncologic Dispensary.

Translated into English by Salikov R.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS 3

LECTURE 1. THE PROLOGUE 6

Main components and principles of domestic practical public health care 6

Ways of profilaxis 6

Types of medical help 6

Types of medical institutions 7

Liability of a medical worker for damaging citizens' health 7

Sanitary-hygienic processing of patients 8

Patients transportation 9

Regimes end Daily routine 9

Patient's personal regimen 10

Determination of patient's condition 11

Some variants of patient’s forced position 12

Types of constitution 13

Inside-hospital 13

Disinfection 14

Methods of disinfection of medical tools 15

Sterilization 15

LECTURE 2. Ways of taking medicine 16

External use of medical substances 17

Enteral way of taking a medicine 17

Parenteral insertion of the medicine 17

Organizing the distribution of medicines in the department 18

Intracutaneous injections 18

Subcutaneous injections 19

Intramuscular injections 19

Intravenous injections 20

LECTURE 3. Basic physiotherapeutic procedures 21

Compress 21

Ice bag 21

Hot-water bottles 23

Cupping glasses 24

Mustard plaster 26

Hydropathic procedures (balneotherapy) 27

Phlebotomy 28

Hirudotherapy 28

LECTURE 4. A feed of patients 31

Balanced nutrition formula 33

Therapeuticnutrition 35

Diets 36

Therapeutical diets 37

System of standard diets 49

Forms of food intake 50

LECTURE 5. Fever 51

medical thermometers 51

Body parts to measure temperature 51

Characteristics of human body temperature 53

Kinds of fevers 53

Stages of fever 55

LECTURE 6. Seriously ill and moribund patients 56

General rules of medical care after seriously ill patients 56

Access for air 59

Restoring blood circulation. 59

Biological death. 61

Rules of working with the corpse 61

LECTURE 7. Medical care provided for patients with respiratory diseases 61

Hemoptysis 62

Dyspnea 62

Methods of oxygen application 62

Pleurocentesis 63

LECTURE 8. Patient care in case of blood circulation diseases 65

The characteristic of pulse 66

Myocardial infarction 67

Monitoring water balance 68

Syncope end Collapse 68

LECTURE 9. MONITORING AND CARE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL AND URINARY TRACTS DISORDERS 69

Symptoms of urological diseases 69

Taking urine for laboratory test 70

Process of urinary catheterization 71

Preparation of patients for the x-ray diagnosticson organs of uropoiesis 72

LECTURE 10. CARE OF PATIENTS WITH DIGESTIVE ORGANS DISORDE 72

Gastrointestinal bleeding 73

Gastric lavage 74

Diagnostics of stomach secretory functions 74

Enema 76

Radiological researches 79

Gastroduodenoscopy 80

Colonoscopy 80

THE PROLOGUE

Patient care is a standalone independent discipline and in a broad sense covers numerous aspects of helping the patients. These include classical techniques of patient monitoring (general condition, anthropometric examination, respiratory and blood circulation parametres, etc.) as well as well known injections, infusions, lavages, probing and also issues of organizing and providing of medical and profilactic help.

Main components and principles of domestic practical public health care

The first one, priority pricnciple – profilaxis is dominant in public health care.

Profilaxis is a system of socio-economic, socio-hygienic and specific medical activities, aimed at prevention of morbidity and human life prolongation.

The second principle - providing human rights and rights of citizens for public health care

Ways of profilaxis:

· prevention of a desease

· elimination of the causes for the desease

· sanitary-hygienic control (following hygienic norms, sanitary legislation)

· sanitary education, promotion of healthy way of life

· profilactic medical examination

· area-based principle of medical institutions

· profilaxis activity of GPs (general practitioners)