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Text 4
Freight forwarders who act alone have been unsuccessful. The adverse factor of a protracted processing time, caused by investigating the consignor, has resulted in long delays when issuing a T1 document. This delay causes financial loss to both the client and the freight forwarder.
If the system is to work, freight forwarders must be able to swiftly verify who their clients are. New proposals must be adopted. Commercial Crime Services, a department of the International Chamber of Commerce, believes all organisations involved in the issue of CT documentation and guarantees should be required to meet agreed standards of financial integrity and business ethics. It also believes that documentation should be controlled and each movement be identifiable by ensuring that every T1 document is sequentially numbered and issued from a central EC Customs Office. Analysis should be carried out of the methods, types and extent of fraud and those involved. The information obtained should be collated and disseminated throughout the operators of the CT system, and that contact and liaison points should be available to provide confidential advice to freight forwarders, transport operators and guarantors as well as national bodies.
The fact that there is an evolution in the organisational aspect of fraud is clearly stated by the European Commission in the last report of May 1997. Being organised does not mean that frauds are necessarily committed by traditionally organised crime groups. Although it does happen in some countries (in Italy 19% of those reported for fraud have criminal records and are concentrated in the southern regions), it is not the rule for Europe. Different types of organised criminals commit fraud. Many points are not clear: What is their level of expertise? How complex is their organisational structure and to what extent do they use consultants? And which kind of consultants? Private experts or corrupted customs personnel? The only clear issue is that some level of organisation is required in order to commit such complex fraud, as that against the financial interests of the European Union. Too little is known and more analysis should be made in this area in order to gain a thorough understanding and to act with proper instruments.
Vocabulary notes
| adverse protracted swift swift to hear, slow to speak to verify | ['{dv@:s] [pr@'tr{ktId] ['verIfaI] | враждебный, неблагоприятный, вредный затянувшийся, длительный, затяжной быстрый, скорый больше слушай, меньше говори 1) проверять; 2) удостоверять (подлинность) | ||||||||
| to adopt | принимать | |||||||||
| to adopt a decision | принимать решение | |||||||||
| to adopt a resolution | принимать резолюцию | |||||||||
| to adopt another course | переменить тактику | |||||||||
| of action | ||||||||||
| to adopt the attitude | занять определенную | |||||||||
| позицию | ||||||||||
| to meet | удовлетворять | |||||||||
| to meet standards | удовлетворять стандартам | |||||||||
| to meet requirements | удовлетворять требованиям | |||||||||
| to meet a request | выполнить просьбу | |||||||||
| to meet a bill | оплатить счет/ вексель | |||||||||
| He has many expenses to meet. | Он несет большие расходы. | |||||||||
| integrity | [In'tegrItI] | 1) честность, чистота; | ||||||||
| 2) неприкосновенность, целостность | ||||||||||
| to identify | [aI'dentIfaI] | опознавать, устанавливать личность/принадлежность | ||||||||
| identity | личность, идентичность | |||||||||
| sequentially | [sI'kwenS@lI] | последовательно | ||||||||
| extent | [Iks'tent] | размер, степень, мера | ||||||||
| to what extent | до какой степени, насколько | |||||||||
| to a great extent | в значительной степени | |||||||||
| to such an extent | до такой степени | |||||||||
| to collate | [k@'leIt] | детально сличать, сравнивать, сопоставлять | ||||||||
| to collate with the | сличать с оригиналом | |||||||||
| original | ||||||||||
| liaison | [lI:'eIzon] | связь, взаимодействие | ||||||||
| available | [@'veIl@bl] | доступный, имеющийся | ||||||||
| в распоряжении, наличный | ||||||||||
| by all available means | всеми доступными средствами | |||||||||
| all available funds | все наличные средства | |||||||||
| all the information available | вся имеющаяся информация | |||||||||
| to make smth available | предоставить что-либо | |||||||||
| level | [levl] | уровень | ||||||||
| to gain | получать, приобретать | |||||||||
| to gain confidence of smth | войти к кому-либо в доверие | |||||||||
| to gain experience | приобретать опыт | |||||||||
| to gain ill repute | приобретать дурную славу | |||||||||
| thorough | ['Tör@] | полный, основательный, тщательный | ||||||||
Words and Grammar
a Give the word families of the following words and translate them into Russian:
to forward (направлять) – forwarder (экспедитор) – forwarding (отправка, отправляющий)
to investigate...........................................................................................................................................
to consign................................................................................................................................................
to finance................................................................................................................................................
to identity...............................................................................................................................................
to succeed...............................................................................................................................................
to propose..............................................................................................................................................
b Choose the words having opposite meaning from the box:
| favourable, shortened, slow, simple,
public, improper, unavailable, |
unsuccessful successful......... complex....................................
adverse..................................... private......................................
protracted................................. proper.......................................
swift.......................................... available.................................
с Add as many nouns as possible to the following adjectives and verbs and translate the word combinations into Russian:
financial loss, ... report, news, statistics, newspaper......................
confidential advice,........................................................................
organised crime,............................................................................
complex fraud,..............................................................................
to meet standards,..........................................................................
to number documents,...................................................................
to issue documents,.....................................................................
to involve fraud,..........................................................................
to commit fraud,...........................................................................
to adopt a decision,......................................................................
d Insert the correct prepositions and write down a sentence with each word combination based on the text:
1 to result..in ..... long delays
2 to cause financial loss..........the client
3 organisations involved..........the issue of CT documentation
4 to provide confidential advice..........freight forwarders
5 it is not the rule..........Europe
6 to act...........proper instruments
e Encircle the predicates in each sentence and translate the sentences into Russian:
1 If the system is to work, freight forwarders must be able to swiftly verify who their clients are.
2 New proposals must be adopted.
3 Guarantees should be required to meet agreed standards.
4 Every T1 document is sequentially numbered.
5 Contact and liaison points should be available to provide confidential advice.
6 There is an evolution in the organisational aspect of fraud.
7 The fact is clearly stated by the European Commission.
f Write down what parts of sentences the words in italics are:
1 The adverse factor of a protracted processing time, caused by investigating the consignor, has resulted in long delays when issuing a T1 document......... .adv, modifier of time...................................................................
2 It concerns all organisations involved in the issue of CT documentation......................................................
3 Each movement should be identifiable by ensuring that every document is issued from a central office......
4 The information obtained should be collated and disseminated throughout the operators..............................
§ Suggested activities
g Write out what proposals Commercial Crimes Services made to combat fraud.
h Answer the following questions, using the text:
i Write down evasive (уклончивый) answers to the following questions:
1 What is the level of expertise of the organised criminate?..................................................................
2 How complex is their organisational structure?..................................................................................
3 To what extent do they use consultants?.............................................................................................
4 Which kind of consultants do they use?...............................................................................................
The following may be of help:
Date: 2016-11-17; view: 343; Нарушение авторских прав