Aircraft power plant

1. The power plant is a means of creating thrust necessary for the movement of an airplane through the air and on the ground. The power plant includes an engine (piston, turbojet, turbofan), a propeller, engine mount, firewall, cowling, fairing, nacelle or pod, feed system, cooling system, engine control system, fire prevention system, anti- icing device, etc.

2. Types of the engine, their number and location on the airplane depend on tactical and technical specifications for the airplane, namely, its speed, altitude, range, load-carrying capacity, etc.

3. Engines are mounted in the wing and on the wingtips. In the casе of their wing sections engines are housed in pod nacelles beneath the wing. Engines are also mounted inside the fuselage. Recently there appeared a trend to mount engines on each side of the aft fuselage. Such a location of engines permits an unusually clean wing design and decreases the noise in passenger compartments
to a great extent.

4. The power plant is bolted to an engine mount. The engine mount is a frame which supports the engine and connects it with the wing or fuselage. Engine mounts vary widely in appearance and construction.

5. Immediately behind the engine mount is the firewall. The purpose of the firewall is to protect the airplane from any hot liquids, gases or flame from the engine. Cowlings and fairings are designed to keep drag to a minimum and still allow enough air to cool the engine. They consist of detachable section for covering portions of the airplane, such as engines, mounts and other parts.

II. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the power plant?

2. How do engine mounts vary?

III. Найдите в тексте производные от следующих слов. Выпишите их, переведите на русский язык и укажите часть речи:

To create, to move, to prevent, to locate, tact, recent, usual, wide, construct, detach.

IV. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на конструкцию «сложное предложение» (см. модель):

1. Jet engines are known to have been widely used for aircraft propulsion.

2. The lubrication system of jet engines seems to be rather simple.

3. The main sources of the helicopters are known to be the engines and the rotors.

4. The atmosphere happens to change with the increase of altitude.

V. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на конструкцию «сложное предложение» (см. модель):

1. The shaft is supported by two bearings, the ball bearings absorbing radial and axial thrust loads.

2. The gas turbine having been tested thoroughly, it may be installed into the aircraft.

3. Fuel nozzles inject fuel to the combustion chamber, swirl vanes helping in good mixing of fuel and air.

4. The pressure removed, the air comes back to its original volume.

VI. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обозначьте место опущенных союзов (см. модель):

1. The acceleration the airplane encounters in flight increases the forces that act on the radio-devices.

2. The vertical speed of the plane varies according to the load the plane carries.