Exercise 35 (Revision.) 1 page

Практическая грамматика английского языка

Лариса Романова

Г

Айрис

Предисловие

Сборник упражнений предназначен преподавате­лям английского языка в школах и вузах, учащимся старших классов, абитуриентам и широкому кругу лиц, изучающих английский язык и желающих повторить основные разделы грамматики.

Целью учебного пособия является систематизация знаний, полученных в школе, и подготовка к вступи­тельным экзаменам в высшие учебные заведения.

Пособие содержит упражнения, охватывающие следующие разделы грамматики английского языка: артикль, имя существительное, имя прилагательное, местоимение, наречие, имя числительное, глагол (ин­финитив, времена, залог, модальные и «проблемные» глаголы), согласование времен, употребление предлогов и др.

Пособие состоит из 22 разделов (Units), каждый из которых посвящен определенной грамматической теме (The Noun, The Verb, и т. д.). Виды упражнений доволь­но разнообразны: это и подстановка, и создание логи­ческих цепочек, перифраз, множественный выбор, пе­ревод с русского на английский и с английского на русский, текстовые задания и др. Система упражне­ний внутри разделов построена по принципу «от про­стого к сложному». Это позволяет использовать сбор­ник на начальном, продолженном к продвинутом эта­пах изучения английского языка.

Пособие содержит 10 тестов, задачей которых яв­ляется проверка усвоенного материала. Первые восемь тестов расположены после разделов, объединенных общей тематикой (например, первый тест дается после изучения тем The Noun, Noun Structures и The Possessive Case).

Последние два теста (Final Tests) — обобщаю­щие, поэтому выполнять их рекомендуется после усво­ения всего грамматического материала.

Все упражнения и тесты снабжены ответами. Это дает возможность проконтролировать правильность выполнения заданий и обратить внимание на пробелы в знании грамматики.

Unit l

The Noun

Exercise 1.

Write the plural form of the following.

A regular nouns

story, play, glass, flag, photo, name, match, knife, bush, chief, page, radio, roof, prize, set, key, factory, wolf, piano, class, cup, city

В irregular nouns

child, goose, man, foot, mouse, woman, sheep, person, deer, tooth, ox

С nouns of Greek or Latin origin

criterion, datum, formula, crisis, stimulus, index, phenomenon, medium, oasis, nucleus, memorandum, basis, radius, analysis, symposium, hypothesis

D compound nouns

fellow-worker, merry-go-round, man-of-war, passer-by, sister-in-law, forget-me-not, room-mate, lily-of-the-valley, ticket-holder, commander-in-chief, governor-general

Exercise 2.

Divide the following words into two columns: countable and uncountable nouns (you must get 25 uncountable nouns).

furniture, coffee, leaf, food, computer, list, blood, job, work, language, country, advice, information, money, progress, permit, permission, baggage, luggage, beach, traffic, weather, window, knowledge, air, water, holiday, damage, accommodation, scenery, scene, pigeon, bread, mountain, kick, news, accident, laugh, flour, laughter

Exercise 3.

Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words in bold type.

1. The windows in his car are made of unbreakable glass. 2. He gave me a glass of water. 3. These are the works of Shakespeare. 4. He is not at home, he is at the works. He is installing new equipment. 5. His work is rather dull,he thinks. 6. Do you have scales? I want to weigh this fish. 7. Celsius or Fahrenheit scales are used in many countries. 8.1 spilled the water, give me a cloth, please. 9. Have you bought cloth for draperies? 10. He's got his car insurance police. 11. She always criticizes the government's policy. 12.1 need an iron to press my dress. 13. These items are made of iron. 14. There is neither salt nor pepper on the table. 15. He planted several peppers in the hothouse. 16. Would you like some chocolate? 17. She took aehowlate out of the box. 18. He meets a lot of people every day. 19. A lot of different peoples live in Asia. 20. They run a very profitablebHsiness somewhere in South Africa. 21. Business is an essential part of American life.

Exercise 4.

Match the word on the left with its partner on the right.

Example: a piece music — a piece of music

Exercise 5.

Change the uncountable nouns in bold type into countable ones in the sentences using the words from Exercise 4.

Example: Buy some bread or. your way home. — Buy a loaf of bread on your way home.

1.I had luck in the casino yesterday. 2,1 saw lightening and then heard thunder in the west. 3. How much luggage have you got with you? 4. Would you like some more cake? 5. Daddy brought me milk chocolate! 6, He blew smoke out of his pipe into the open window. 7', How much sugar do you take with your tea? 8. We need to buy some furniture for our kitchen. 9. Give me please brown shoe polish. 10, He told us very interesting information last night,

Exercise 6,

Write out the nouns which are used only in the plural form (you must get 25 nouns).

athletics, cattle, scissors, taxes, pyjamas, economics, police, news, means, goods, pants, subjects, billiards, darts, outskirts, premises, mechanics, spectacles, clothes, stairs, maths, shorts, tights, gymnastics, congratulations, crossroads, patience, scales, lodgings, foundations, equipment, research, authorities, soap, contents, looks, countryside, traffic-lights, tongs, toothpaste, headphones, delays, binoculars, electronics, eyes, trousers

Exercise 7.

Complete the following table and give the corresponding singular or plural form of the nouns, if any. If there is no the corresponding form, put a v. The first two words are given as examples.

means, scissors, pence, Frenchman, Roman, photo, physics, cloth, sheep, halves, news, sleeves, mice, species, contents, athletics, series, knowledge, feet, phenomena, clothes, bases, headquarters, Japanese

Exercise 8.

Find the odd word in the chain of the nouns.

Example: tea — butter — onions — meat

1) trousers — spectacles — scales — news 2) advice — knowledge — contents — progress

3) phonetics - vacation - goods – information 4) criteria — datum — oases — radii 5) mice — men — goats — geese 6) police — work — weather — furniture 7) congress — team — government — equipment 8) water — potato — milk — bread 9) time — business — stone — bird 10) means — species — crossroads — wolves 11) thanks — barracks — congratulations — authorities 12) diagnoses — roofs — cattle — accommodation 13) premises — mechanics — darts — laughter 14) success — research — applause — path 15) journey — voyage — travel — walk

Exercise 9.

Open the brackets and choose the proper form.

1.1 feel that the jury already (have/has) thought that you are innocent. 2. The government (was/were) not able to pursue the policy which had been promised before the elections. 3. The police (is/are) investigating the case now. 4. The crew of the plane (consist/consists) of four people. 5. His company (was/were) founded in 1996. 6. The party (was/were) in full swing. The music was playing, the company (was/were) eating and drinking. 7. My family (is/are) early risers, so at 11 o'clock p.m. the family (is/are) always in bed. 8. The cattle (is/are) in the field next to it. 9. The committee (is/are) full of enthusiasm. 10. Such an organization as the board of directors (is/are) elected by stockholders. 11. The ship turned out to be a good ship,the crew (was/were) skilled seamen. 12, The government usually (consist/consists) of the prime minister and several ministers. 13. The average American family (have/has) three children.

14. The jury (is/are) represented by twelve people. 15. The crops (is/arc) good this summer,

Exercise 10.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb to be

A

1, The crew___rescued by our boat, 2. Her clothes ___very fashionable. 3, Your advice___.always welcome. 4. The information he gave us___very useful. 5A little

money___better than nothing. 6. That species of spiders ___commonly seen in deserts of North Africa. 7.1 think her hair___dyed. 8. No news.___good news. 9.1 don't want to work here. The equipment___too complicated. 10. There___a lot of sheep in the field. 11.1 think this ___detailed research. 12. Where___my spectacles? 13. The phenomena___unusual. 14. Mathematics___ difficult, but physics___more difficult to my mind. 15, The cattle___up the hill.

1. Look out! The stairs___.very old. 2. In my opinion, looks___very important for an actor. 3. The police___ responsible for these actions. 4. Criteria___changing, you know. 5. The committee___set up several months ago. 6. The traffic___very heavy in this street. Be careful

at the corner. When the traffic-lights___red, don't cross the street. 7. The working wages ___ up. 8. The knowledge she has got at college___very deep. 9. The carrots___delicious. 10. The vacation___always fun. 11. The funeral ___ usually a sad occasion. 12. The evidence___against him. 13. The contents of the letter ___made public. 14. The opera-glasses___out of focus.

15. The grapes___ripe.

Exercise 11.

Match the words on the left (1-10) with the appropriate phrases on the right (a-j) to get 10 sentences.

1) Your advice a) are located outside

London.

2) Our headquarters b) she lent us was not

enough.

3) The money c) are fit.

4) The premises d) is an important part of

the Olympic Games.

5) The information e) are often deceptive.

6) Best news f) is installed in our new

shop.

7) New equipment g) against applying for

that job was good.

8) Athletics h) was not reliable. It was

published in tabloids.

9) The scales i) is always printed in

morning newspapers.

10) Appearances j) where he worked were

in the suburbs.

Exercise 12

Find the mistakes in the follow ing sentences and correct them. Some sentences have more than one mistake.

1. We had such a terrible weather that we left the hotel in the country (we did not have heatings there) and took an accommodation with a fire place in town instead. 2. Yesterday I got a permission to go there. What about you? Have you got your permits? 3.1 love French impressionists but I would need an advice from a specialist before I bought any. My knowledges in that area are very poor. 4. Her works are definitely making great progresses these days. She has done a lot of researches lately. 5. Have you heard that Jack's lodging is in London, but in the outskirt of the city? These are interesting news, aren't they? 6. The police is looking for the criminals who escaped last night. The informations about them were sent to all the police stations of the district. 7, Political and economic crises is frequent for Africa. 8. How many luggages are you taking? Oh, I think you won't be able to cope with them. You'll have to hire a porter. 9. Last week was awful for her. She had two tooth pulled out, her childs got ill and finally her husband lost moneys. 10. The tights is too loose for her.

Exercise 13.

Translate the sentences into English.

1. Его советы всегда бывают такими убедительны­ми (convincing). Почему ты никогда им не следуешь? 2. Какая ненастная (nasty) погода! В такую дождли­вую погоду лучше сидеть дома. 3. Она делает хорошие успехи в английском, 4. Я удивлен (be surprised), что она поверила этим странным новостям. Боюсь, они недостоверны. Кто их ей сообщил? 5. Мне кажется, эти весы сломаны. 6. Вчера я положил сюда деньги. Где они? Я не могу их найти. 7. Я считаю, что помещение для нашего магазина вполне подходящее. 8. Мне не нравятся эти джинсы. Мне кажется, та пара джинсов лучше. 9. Экипаж был готов выполнить (fulfil) приказ капитана. 10. Критерии часто меняются, 11. Ваши то­вары сделаны очень плохо. 12. Нику необходимо сшить (sew) новые брюки. У меня есть хорошая синяя мате­рия. 13. Он купил буханку хлеба, пакет молока, кусок мыла и тюбик зубной пасты. 14. Информация о ценах очень интересна. 15. Здесь нет светофора, и перекрес­ток очень опасное место. 16. Виды этих растений (plant) неизвестны. 17. Вдруг позади себя я услышал гром­кий смех, 18. Его знания по математике лучше моих, 19. Ты взял бинокль? — Нет, он нам не понадобится. Наши места во втором ряду (row). 20. Улики были важными, и он чувствовал, что суд присяжных был против него. 21. В Англии зарплата рабочим выпла­чивается каждую неделю. 22. Актеров встретили ап­лодисментами. 23. Мои часы отстают. 24. Морковь бо­гата витаминами. 25. Она считает, что современная одежда красива и удобна (convenient)

Unit 2

Noun Structures

Exercise 14.

Read and translate the following compound nouns. Find compounds which are countable (8), uncountable (6) and those which are used either in the singular (6) or the plural (6).

heart attack, greenhouse effect, luxury goods, pedestrian crossing, contact lens, package holiday, food poisoning, mother tongue, birth control, roadworks, human rights, arms race, alarm clock, pocket money, hay fever, blood donor, blood pressure, data processing, generation gap, kitchen scissors, assembly line, sunglasses, labour force, race relations,windscreen wiper,brain drain

Exercise 15. Match the words on the left (1-10) with their definitions on the right (a-j).

1) a baby-sitter a) your first language

2) a traffic jam b) money you pay on your

salary

3) a box office c) an office where you buy

tickets for trains

4) mother tongue d) an office where you buy

tickets for cinemas

5) income tax e) a person who patrols

streets to make sure you are not parked in the wrong place illegally

6) handcuffs f) a knife for opening

tins

7) greenhouse effect g) a person who looks

after children when their parents are out

8) ticket office h) a long line of cars

which move slowly because the road is busy

9) a traffic warden i) it is caused by hair

sprays and old fridges

10) a tin opener j) every policeman has

them

Exercise 16.

Rewrite the following phrases according to the example.

Example: a factory which produces automobiles — an automobile factory a man who drives a bus — a bus driver a machine that washes dishes — a dish washer paper for writing letters — writing paper

1} a shop that sells books; 2) an editor of a newspaper; 3) a person who pays taxes; 4) a brush for shoes; 5) cake made with raisin; 6) a garage for cars; 7) a company which provides insurance; 8) a bag made of leather; 9) a tool for sharpening pencils; 10) a book which has cheques; 11) a machine for washing clothes; 12) a license to drive a car; 13) a person who dresses and cuts hair; 14) аи office that sells tickets; 15) a device for opening tins.

Exercise 17.

A Make up compound structures according to the example.

Example: a child who is five years old — a five year old child

1) a man whose height is six feet; 2) a walk which covers three miles; 3) a programme which lasts half an hour; 4) a flight which takes two hours and a half; 5) a hotel having four stars; 6) a lorry which can carry 5 tonnes; 7) a field of fifty acres.

В Paraphrase the sentences according to the example.

Example: She's got a flat of two rooms. — She's got a two-room flat.

His trip lasted four days. — He had a four-day trip,

1. He covered a distance of two miles. 2, Her holiday in California lasted 10 days, 3. They decided to take an interval of three hours. 4. She lives in a building that has sixteen storeys. 5. His call to Paris lasted five minutes. 6. While I was on holiday I met two charming girls of twenty years old. 7. He saw a film of two series yesterday. 8. She bought two bags of potatoes that weigh five kilos. 9. He gave us a banknote of fifty dollars to change. 10.1 wrote a composition which covered twenty pages.

Unit3

The Possessive Case

Exercise 18.

Paraphrase the following using the possessive case.

Example: The son of our manager — our manager's son

A 1) the house of Mr. Smith; 2) a doll of the girls; 3) the works of Rembrandt; 4) a toy of the baby; 5) a meeting of the employees; 6) the bags of those women; 7) the orders of our boss; 8) the books of the children; 9) the cottage of my parents; 10) a garage of her cousin.

В 1) coal deposits of the world; 2) the influence of the sun; 3) the atmosphere of the earth; 4) the joys and grieves of life; 5) the arrival of the ship; 6) icy mountains of Greenland; 7) the policy of the company; 8) gold reserves of Russia; 9) the gravitation of the planet; 10) the decisions of the commission.

С 1) the mother of Kate and Mary; 2) the children of my aunt Ann; 3) the paintings by Picasso and Dali; 4) the gun of the commander-in-chief; 5) the times of Ivan the Terrible; 6) the speech of the Minister of Foreign Trade; 7) the correspondent of the Herald Tribune; 8) a flat of my father-in-law; 9) the wives of Henry the Eighth; 10) oil wells of Saudi Arabia.

D 1) a cruise which lasts three weeks; 2) work which takes two hours; 3) a distance of five kilometres; 4) the operation which lasted four hours; 5) the flight which took three hours; 6) a semester of eight weeks; 7) the rest which lasted an hour; 8) a play of three acts; 9) a football

match which lasts ninety minutes; 10) a telephone conversation which lasts three minutes.

Exercise 19.

Paraphrase the following using the possessive case.

Example: I must sleep 9 hours a day to feel well. — / must have nine-hours^ sleep to feel well.

1. Every day at noon we have a break, which lasts fifteen minutes. 2.1 can't understand why he is so tired. The distance he covered is a mile only. 3. The walk to the station was short. It took us ten minutes. 4. Last year we spent two weeks in Greece. The holiday was terrific. 5. If you want to get there.a trip will take you only five hours. 6. Don't take a training course that lasts a week. It won't do you good. 7.1 slept only five hours yesterday because my train came late. 8. Yesterday our lesson lasted thirty minutes because oar teacher was to leave at 12 o'clock. 9. If you want to have a voyage round Europe, you will need at least three weeks. 10. My workweek lasts five days.

Exercise 20.

Replace the nouns in the possessive case by the prepositional groups where possible.

Example: He always takes his brothers' bocks. — He always takes books of his brothers.

1. The only thing she wanted was to see her parents' house again. 2. No one could explain the young girl's behaviour at yesterday's supper. 3. Last Sunday's rugby match was disappointing. Our team lost. 4. The boy was looking through a children's magazine. 5. After an hour's break we resumed our work. 6. At that time he lived In a little flat for economy's sake. 7. It was four and a half hours' ride, 8.1 don't like cow's milk. 9. He was puzzled by Ann and Peter's visit. 10. When Friday came, he was at his wit's ends. 11. She dropped in at the chemist's to buy some aspirin. 12. This is John's coat, and that is Peter's.

Exercise 21.

Translate into English using noun structures.

1. Президент прибыл в страну с трехдневным ви­зитом (2 варианта). 2. Мне нужно купить туфли. Ты не знаешь, где здесь обувной отдел (department)? 3. Ник­то не знал, что сказать, и наступило минутное молча­ние. 4. Когда утром он спустился в столовую, на столе лежали остатки (remains) вчерашнего ужина. 5. Док­лад главнокомандующего был краток. 6. Мне кажется, что проблема «отцов и детей» — вечная (eternal) про­блема. 7. Эта дорога закрыта. Ведутся дорожные рабо­ты. 8. «Утечка мозгов» — острая (acute) проблема раз­вивающихся (developing) стран. 9. Ты считаешь, что в Китае необходимо ввести (implement) регулирование рождаемости? 10. Приезд Поля и Кет был неожидан­ностью (surprise) для тети Эня. 11. Самые богатые за­лежи (deposits) нефти находятся в Арабских Эмира­тах. 12. Проблемы, с которыми человечество (mankind) столкнулось (face) в конце двадцатого века, — это за­грязнение (pollution)no4Bbi, воздуха и воды, а также «парниковый эффект». 13. После двухчасовой прогул­ки все захотели есть (2 варианта). 14, Портрет жены Рембрандта — одна из самых известных картин ху­дожника. 15, Этому замку триста лет.

Test1

Choose the right variant.

1. His advice___always reasonable. I advise you to follow___.

a) are, them c) is, it

b) are, it d) is, them

2. The applause___deafening. I can't stand___any longer. Let's go out.

a) are, them c) is, them

b) is, it d) are, it

3. The second witness's evidence___more convincing. ___made me believe that the suspect is innocent.

a) are, it c) are, they

b) is, it d) is, they

4. Look, her clothes___brand new. Where did she get the money to buy___?

a) is, it c) are, them

b) are, it d) is, them

5. The Browns who lived in___house___dining with the Harrisons who___their best friends.

a) a three-storey, were, were c) a three-storey's, were, were

b) three-storeys, were, was d) three-storeys', was, were

6. The information he gave us___convincing. I don't think we should check___.

a) is, it c) are, them

b) is, them d) are.it

7. Her pyjamas___made of silk. I like___very much.

a) is, it c) are.it

b) is, them d) are, them

8. These scissors___dull! I can't cut anything with

a) are, them c) is, it

b) is, them d) are, it

9. When I move to London, I'll have to find lodgings. I'm afraid___will be very expensive and I'll have to pay for___half of my salary,

a) it, it c) they, it

b) they, them d) it, them

10.1 think billiards___a dull game. I wonder why the youth nowadays___so fond of___?

a) are, is, it c) are, are, them

b) is, are, it d) is, are, them

11. He is so depressed. The contents of the letter___ made public. General public___discussing___.

a) have been, is, them c) have been, are, them

b) has been, are, it d) has been, is, it

12. Look! Goods___displayed in the window. The manager says that there will be___sale.

a) are, two-days' c) are, a two-days

b) is, two-day's d) is, a two-day

13. Our family ___ good at playing draughts. Draughts___our favourite game. We play___every weekend.

a) is, is, it c) are, are, them

b) are, is, it d) is, are, it

14. Stop! The traffic___heavy and the traffic lights ___red. In___time you will cross the street.

a) is, is, two-minutes c) are, is, a two-minutes'

b) are, are, a two-minute d) is, are, two-minutes'

15. He spent___holiday at the___,

a) a week, Richardsons' c) a weeks, Richardsons

b) week's, Richardson d) week, Richardson's

16. She was going for___walk across the fields to the___house. She was sure that he would help her because it was the duty of___to help poor people like her.

a) a ten-miles, governor's-general, governor-generals

b) a ten-mile's, governor-general's, governors-general

c) a ten-mile, governor-general's, governor-generals

d) ten miles', governor-generals', governors-general

17. She wished she had a little garden with___and like that of___.

a) lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-nots, Mrs. Sand

b) lily-of-the-valleys, forget-me-nots, Mrs. Sand's

c) lilies-of-the-valiey, forget-me-nots, Mrs. Sand's

d) lilies-of-the-valleys, forgets-me-not, Mrs. Sand

18. Take your___and get out with___! You got my ___ notice, didn't you?

a) belonging, it, two weeks c) belongings, them, two week's

b) belongings, it, a two weeks d) belonging, them, two week's

19. We want to equip our factory with___and to install___ in the assembly shop.

a) new machineries, them c) new machines, it

b) a new machinery, it d) new machinery, it

20. Have you got all the___of Byron in your home library? — Yes, I have, but I haven't read all of___.

a) works, them c) works, it

b) work, it d) work, them

Unit 4

Quantifiers

Exercise 22.

Paraphrase the following words in bold type using little, a little, few, a few.

Example: There is hardly any wine in the bottle. — There is little wine in the bottle.

The chairman said some words. — The chairman said & few words.

1.1 can't help you. I have hardly any time. 2. Mr. Brown, can I come and see you today? I'd like to ask you some questions. 3. It is no use asking him about it. He has hardly any knowledge of the subject. 4.1 go to the theatre when I have some money and free time. 5. Is there much chalk in the box? — No, there is hardly any here. 6. He drank some water and felt much better. 7. There was hardly any tea in the cup, so he poured some more. 8. Hardly any people understood what he said. 9. There are some carrots in the box. 10. Mummy, may I have some ice cream? 11. Many years ago some people realized the significance of this discovery. 12. There was hardly any doubt that the problem could be solved in the near future. 13. We didn't have to take a porter. We had hardly any luggage. 14,1 think he is rather greedy. He buys hardly any things for himself. 15. We have received some valuable information. I think it will help us a lot.

Exercise 23.

Fill in the blanks with little, a little, few, a few.

1. I'd like to make___remarks in connection with the topic under discussion. 2.___peopJe realize how important it is to go in for sports. 3. This student has deep knowledge in English and besides he knows___ French. 4. He is a man of.___words. 5. Only___names remained in his memory, for this accident happened more than 20 years ago, 6. That lecture was so difficult that

only___students could understand it. 7.1 had ___ hope of getting home tonight because I realized that I had lost my way. 8. The postman doesn't often come here. We receive___letters. 9. I'm having___trouble fixing this shelf. — Oh dear! Can I help you? 10.1 shall be away for___.days from tomorrow. 11. When you've wanted something very badly and it comes at last, it is