Translate the following sentences into English. 1) Собственник определяет, как использовать и об­служивать ресурс

1) Собственник определяет, как использовать и об­служивать ресурс.

2) Я сам живу в моей собственной квартире.

3) Собственник может сдавать квартиру в аренду.

4) Собственник может также распоряжаться своей собственностью любым мирным способом.

5) Собственник получает весь доход от аренды пос­ле уплаты налогов.

6) Собственник может продать любую часть своих прав на собственность.

7) Правительство может ограничить наши права на собственность.

8) Мы обслуживаем имеющиеся в нашей собствен­ности ресурсы.

9) Собственники часто обмениваются ресурсами на взаимоприемлемых условиях.

10) Спрос на предпринимателей возрастает во вре­мена перемен.

III Translate the following dialogues from Russian into English:

Test Paper №1.

Variant 3.

I Read the following text and translate it in writing:

COMPETITION

Competition permeates economic life. Prices, wages, methods of production, types and quantities of products, the size and organization of business firms, the distribu­tion of resources, and people's incomes all result from competitive processes.

Consider market prices for consumer goods. The bak­er has on hand a stock of bread, a valuable good for which consumers are willing to compete by offering the baker a price. The baker wants to get the highest price possible, but he is constrained. If he sets his price too high, customers will not buy all that the baker has pro­duced. They will buy from another baker, or they will buy pizza or potatoes instead. So the baker sets a price that he thinks will "clear the market." That price is de­termined by the willingness of customers to compete for his product, and by the willingness of rivals to compete for his customers.

An identical process occurs with producer goods. A steel plant has on hand a supply of steel, for which automobile companies, appliance makers, and equipment manufacturers are competing. The firm wants to get as much revenue as it can, taking into account the willing­ness of its customers to pay and the threat of lower of­fers from its rivals. The customers want to pay as lit­tle as possible, taking into account that rival customers may outbid them. This two-sided competition will again set a price that "clears the market." The market-clear­ing price represents the lowest price that buyers of steel must pay, and the highest price that sellers of steel can receive, each without being outbid by rivals.

Competition also determines incomes and allocates goods. Competition acts as both stick and carrot in eco­nomic life. If the worker does not keep his hands to the machine, his employer will replace him. If the employer does not treat his employee as well as other employers would, the employee quits and goes somewhere else. If the manufacturer does not run his shop efficiently, his customers will go where they can find better service at the same price or equal service at a lower price. All of us, as producers, can be replaced by those who are able and willing to do the job better or cheaper.

On the other side, if we do our jobs well, we are more likely to get a good reward. The successful manu­facturer has more customers and increases his revenues. The productive worker gets higher wages and more re­sponsibility.

Market creates competition. Competition creates in­centives. Incentives create better skills and higher pro­ductivity. Productivity creates higher profits for manu­facturers and higher rewards for workers. Thus, compe­tent work is better rewarded in market economies than in planned or bureaucratic ones. This is why competence is higher in countries with market economy. Now, when firms in the two parts of Germany can openly compete, the Wartburg and Trabant have lost out to Opel and Volkswagen.

II Do the following tasks to the text given up: