Exercises to be done before reading the text

Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их русские эквиваленты

gear — шестерня, передача

gearbox - коробка передач

gearing - зубчатое соединение

road conditions — дорожные условия

forward speed — передняя скорость

reverse drive - обратный (задний) ход

low gear - первая передача

top gear — четвертая (прямая) пере­дача

sliding-mesh gearbox - коробка пере­дач со скользящими шестернями

constant-mesh gearbox- коробкапередач с постоянным зацепле­нием шестерен

epicyclic (planetary) gearbox - эпици­клическая (планетарная) коробка передач

ordinary gearing — стандартное зуб­чатое соединение

characteristic feature — характерная особенность

fixed axes - зафиксированные (не­подвижные) оси

rotate bodyly — вращаться корпусом

axis - ось

axle — вал

secure — обеспечить

shifting – переключение

in direct line-важно

Упражнение 2. Прочтите и переведите на русский язык интерна­циональные слова.

Principal, function, construction, constructional, class, classify, type, planet, planetary, history, historical.

Упражнение 3*.Переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы.

Move — move ment, construct — construct ion — construction al, arrange — arrange ment, history — historic al — historical ly, wide — wide ly, vary — vari ous, simple — simp ly, body — bodi ly.

Прочтите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

TEXT

Gearbox

The gearbox is placed between the clutch and the propeller shaft. I lie principal function of the gearbox is to vary the speed of the car movement to meet the road conditions. The gearbox provides four for­ward speeds and one reverse, as follows:

1. First or low gear;

2.Second gear;

3.Third gear;

4.Fourth or top gear;

5.Reverse gear.

There are many constructional arrangements of gearboxes, which can be classified as follows:

1.Sliding-mesh type;

2.Constant-mesh type;

3.Epicyclic (planetary) type.

The sliding-mesh type is the simplest one and is the oldest histori­cally. The constant-mesh type is the most widely used type. They are termed "ordinary" gearing, the characteristic feature of which is that I lie axes of the various gears are fixed axes. The gears simply rotate about their own axes.

The characteristic feature of epicyclic (planetary) gearing is that one gear rotates about its own axis and also rotates bodily about some other axis.

To secure the several speeds of the car the clutch shaft is mounted In direct line with the gearbox shaft. The gearbox shaft carries on it the sliding gears which are used for shifting to secure the forward speeds and the reverse drive.