Chemistry

1. Chemistry is the science that deals with materials, their properties and the transformations they undergo. So chemistry is the study of the composition and properties of matter, their changes, the conditions under which such changes take place, and the energy changes which accompany them.

Chemistry is concerned with the nature of fire and the structure of water, it deals with colours, catalysis and crystal structure, with physical properties and chemical reactivity.

2. Chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences. It plays an important part in the development of biochemistry, physics, geology, and many other fields of science. Chemistry's origin goes back to ancient times, with the manufacture of bronze, iron, ceramics, glass.

3. In the 17th century modern chemistry began with the work of Robert Boyle. He was the first one who studied quantitatively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it. Later A.Lavoisier introduced the concept of the chemical elements.

4. In the 19th century A. Avogadro introduced the concept of molecules. He stated that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.

5. F. A. Kekule and A. M. Butlerov introduced the structural theory of organic chemistry. In 1869 D. I. Mendeleyev discovered regularities in the properties of the elements. D. I. Mendeleyev's discovery was the greatest one in chemistry.

6. Many great scientists devoted their lives to the development of chemistry, among them Bohr whose theory of the hydrogen atom was very important, the Curies who in 1934 announced the preparation of artificially radio-active elements, Marie Curie who discovered radium and the element polonium.

7. Many great Russian chemists made a great contribution to the world science. Among them, the outstanding Russian chemists M. V. Lomonosov, D. I. Mendeleyev, A. M. Butlerov, Academician N. N. Semenov and many others.

8. Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry. The future of chemistry is practically unlimited. Rapid development of chemical industry will make it possible to create many new goods, machines, plastics and polymers; it will help to understand many new phenomena.

In your study you will learn many things about substances, compounds, materials, chemical and physical changes, chemical properties, reactions and many other interesting and important things.

VII. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. What do you know about chemistry?

2. What does chemistry study?

3. What does chemistry deal with?

4. Why is chemistry one of the fundamental sciences?

5. When did sufficient facts about chemistry appear?

6. When did modern chemistry begin?

7. Who was the first to study quantitatively the relationship between the volume of a gas and the external pressure upon it?

8. What did Lavoisier introduce?

9. Who discovered regularities in the properties of the elements?

10. What can you tell about the future of chemistry?

VIII. Составьте на основе текста тему “Chemistry is a fundamental science”

ВАРИАНТ II

I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определитe какой частью речи являются слова с окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

– показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

– признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

– показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного

1. His numerous works dealt with many subjects: properties of liquids, solutions theories, gas law development.

2. A chemist may interpret natural phenomena, device experiments that will reveal the complex substances composition and structure.

3. Besides lectures and the laboratory supervision Mendeleev carried out great research work.

II. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая особенности перевода определений, выраженных именем существительным

1. Russian science has more than once achieved outstanding successes in major areas of the world scientific and technological progress

2. Thus one kilogram of polymer constructional material can replace four to five kilograms of rolled ferrous metals

3. A very interesting experiment has been carried out by the research workers of the Institute of High Pressure Physics.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их

1. Atoms are not the smallest particles, but they are very small.

2. This discovery is more important than the previous one.

3. It is much easier to make parts of plastics than of metal or wood.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения

1. There were no experiments in the laboratory yesterday.

2. Professor didn't ask me any additional questions at the exam.

3. They used some equipment for their experiment.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов-сказуемых и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения

1. They didn't expect good results from the experiment.

2. Unlike most salts the solubility of anhydrous salt decreases with the rise in temperature.

3 This new theory will enrich almost all branches of chemistry and physics.

VI. Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его

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