Главная Случайная страница


Полезное:

Как сделать разговор полезным и приятным Как сделать объемную звезду своими руками Как сделать то, что делать не хочется? Как сделать погремушку Как сделать так чтобы женщины сами знакомились с вами Как сделать идею коммерческой Как сделать хорошую растяжку ног? Как сделать наш разум здоровым? Как сделать, чтобы люди обманывали меньше Вопрос 4. Как сделать так, чтобы вас уважали и ценили? Как сделать лучше себе и другим людям Как сделать свидание интересным?


Категории:

АрхитектураАстрономияБиологияГеографияГеологияИнформатикаИскусствоИсторияКулинарияКультураМаркетингМатематикаМедицинаМенеджментОхрана трудаПравоПроизводствоПсихологияРелигияСоциологияСпортТехникаФизикаФилософияХимияЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника






Some Facts about Chemistry





1. The science of chemistry deals with substances. Chemistry is the investigation and discussion of the properties of substances.

Common examples of substances are: water, sugar, salt, copper, iron and many others.

2. Chemists study substances in order to learn as much as they can about their properties and about the reactions that change them into other substances. This knowledge is very important as it can make the world a better place to live in, it can make people happier, it can raise their standard of living.

3. One of the most interesting periods in the history of chemistry was that of the alchemists (500-1600 A. D.).

The word "alchemy" is derived from the Egyptian kem-it (the black) or from the Greek chyma (molten metal), but in any event it comes to use through Arabic. It is believed that the practice of alchemy existed among the Alexandrine Greeks of Egypt. From there it spread to Asia, then to Europe.

4. People have long had a lust for gold, and in those days gold was considered the ultimate, most perfect metal formed in nature. The principle goals of alchemists were to find a method of prolonging human life indefinitely and to change the base metals, such as iron, zinc, and copper, into gold. They searched for a universal solvent to transmute base metals into gold and for the "philosopher's stone" to rid the body of all diseases and to renew life. In the course of their labours they learned a great deal of chemistry. Unfortunately, much of their work was done secretly because of the mysticism that shrouded their activity, and very few records remained. In a large sense it was the beginning of the modern science of chemistry.

5. Early alchemists investigated and recorded the properties and reactions of many materials. It is true that the practice of alchemy was accompanied by much deceit but there were serious workers engaged in the search. By their investigations they laid the foundation of modern chemistry. In any event, who would dare say that this search for health and prosperity was unworthy in itself?

6. Alchemy began to decline in the 16th century when Paracelsus (1493-1541), a Swiss physician and outspoken revolutionary leader in chemistry, strongly advocated that the objectives of chemistry be directed toward the needs of medicine and the curing of human ailments. He openly condemned the mercenary efforts of alchemists to convert cheaper metals to gold.

 

VI. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту

1. What is chemistry?

2. What do chemists study substances for?

3. Where is the word "alchemy" derived from?

4. What did early alchemists practice?

5. When and why did alchemy begin to decline?

6. What was Paracelsus?

 

VII. Наоснове текста составьте тему ''Alchemy''

ВАРИАНТ III

 

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции

1. Pierre Curie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of a doctor, and from early childhood he had been fascinated by science.

2. Water not only reacts with many substances but it also has a marked influence upon many chemical reactions.

3. The research was carried out under great difficulty.

4. For some time Pierre Curie had been interested in the work of a French scientist named Becquerel.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите, являются ли они определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения

1. Once after repeating her experiments time after time she found that a mineral called pitchblende emitted much more powerful rays than any she had already found.

2. Mme. Curie had examined every known chemical element and none of them had emitted such powerful rays as pitchblende.

3. Having finished the experiment they left the laboratory.

4. The professor told the students about the experiment now being carried on in the laboratory of the institute.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения

1. The laboratory was to make important scientific experiment in a very short time.

2. But in spite of the honour Pierre Curie had brought to France by his discoveries, the French Government could only give him a very little salary as a reward, and the University of Paris refused him a laboratory of his own for his research.

3. The engineer could correct the program during the test of the engine.

4. Marie Curie wanted to find out if other chemical substances might emit similar rays.

 

IV. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст

Пояснения к тексту

pitchblende − уранинит X-rays − рентгеновские лучи
research − исследование investigation− исследование
determine − определять apparatus − прибор, аппарат
laboratory − лаборатория effort − усилие
Master's degree − степень магистра refuse − отказывать

 

Date: 2016-02-19; view: 1623; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА...



mydocx.ru - 2015-2024 year. (0.005 sec.) Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав - Пожаловаться на публикацию