Грамматические упражнения. Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глагол в страдательном залоге

Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на глагол в страдательном залоге.

1. Loud sound is avoided in most buildings.

2. Unit strain was caused by unit stress.

3. The material will be stressed near to the failure stress.

4. The rate is measured as thermal conductivity of heat.

5. Usually failure unit stress is determined experimentally.

6. This unit stress is called the working unit stress.

7. Sound will be absorbed by air spaces in the material.

8. Unit strain can be shown by stretching a rubber band.

9. Sound must reduced by the used of acoustic material.

10. Important factors are listed here.

11. The loads can be calculated.

12. Insulation was also made of other porous material.

13. That ability depends on the size and shape of the object and the material of which it is made.

14. Unit stress is expressed as pounds per square inch.

Упражнение 2. Определите функцию глагола “to be” в следующих предложениях.

1. The engineers are designing a new building now.

2. The building insulation was to be examined (обследовать).

3. Steel and cement were introduced in the nineteenth century.

4. Modern cement which was called Portland cement was invented in 1824.

5. Portland cement is a mixture of limestone and clay.

6. Construction materials are to perform under specific conditions of usage.

7. In the basis of all these qualifications is the knowledge of materials.

8. The plans explain briefly what materials are to be used.

9. They were discussing (обсуждать) sound insulation of a house when we came.

10. All basic materials are to be described.

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на заменители модальных глаголов.

1. The designer has to make plans which consist of drawings.

2. This design should be discussed.

3. The designer also explains the characteristics which the materials are to have.

4. Failure takes place when an object is not able to serve its purpose.

5. New insulation materials had to be developed (разрабатывать).

6. In cold climate buildings ought to have thermal insulation.

7. Sound should be avoided in most buildings and has to be reduced by the use of acoustic material.

8. Material is fabricated with a pattern of openings so as to be able to absorb sound.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.

1. He had much more serious problems than we thought (полагать).

2. The thermal insulation of this building is the worst.

3. The unit stress at the location of the highest stress must be considered.

4. It will be easier to calculate the load if we use this method.

5. The material which was selected is the best.

6. The smaller the unit stress, the more times it must be repeated to cause failure.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции слова “that”.

1. Heat flows to an area that is cooler.

2. That the sound insulation of the house was bad was to be considered.

3. That is the design that we are to discuss.

4. Those tests were made by the engineers.

5. We know that concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, aggregate and water.

6. Beams that support a roof can be made of steel, concrete or wood.

Упражнение 6. Переведите следующие группы существительных:

heat movement, movement rate, material density, sound absorption, air spaces, creep deformation, stress location, failure cause, sound insulation, construction material.