Translate the sentences below. Mind the form of the Infinitive

Example:

1. We know the research to be completed successfully.

Мы знаем, что исследование будет закончено.

We know the research to have been completed successfully.

Мы знаем, что исследование было закончено.

2. The research is known to be completed successfully.

Известно, что исследование будет закончено.

The research is known to have been completed...

Известно, что исследование было закончено...

1. This scientist could show the penetration depth to be essentially the same regardless of the strength of the magnetic field.

2. Scientists suppose magnets and their properties of attraction to have been known for nearly 5.000 years.

3. The discovery of new superconducting elements and compounds has proved to be harder than was anticipated.

4. The effect of weightlessness appears to have given cosmonauts little discomfort, if any.

5. In addition to the above mentioned properties X-rays were found to produce ionization in gases.

6. He proved this process to have hindered the reaction.

7. In designing the machine they were reported to have been guided mostly by the consideration of safety and reliability.

8. The gauge is sure to have recorded all the changes accurately.

9. We have been able to explain all the experimental facts and found them to be consistent with the assumptions.

10. We expect a computer to have operated for at least several hours without fault.

11. The concept of spin is known to have been introduced into the physics of elementary particles in 1925 by Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck.

12. The proton and the neutron have been found to have the same spin as the electron.

13. The absorption and reflection of the optical elements which seem to have been caused by higher losses are among the disadvantages.

14. In its younger days, however, the moon is likely to have had appreciable atmosphere but we have no justification to assume that this atmosphere was similar in composition to ours.