Summing-up activity. Sentences 1 to 9 make up a short text about different ways in which companies can be structured

Sentences 1 to 9 make up a short text about different ways in which companies can be structured. Complete each sentence, by taking a middle part from the second box and an end from the third box.

1. Most organizations have a hierarchical or pyramid structure,

2. A clear line or chain of command runs down the hierarchy,

3. Some people in an organization have an assistant who helps them;

4. Yet the activities of most large companies are too elaborate

5. Large companies manufacturing a wide range of products, e. g. general Motors,

6. Businesses that cannot be divided into autonomous divisions with their own markets

7. An inevitable problem with hierarchies is that people at lower levels

8. One solution to this problem is matrix management, in which people report to more than one superior

9. Another, more recent, idea is to have a network of flexible groups or teams,

a. are normally decentralized into separate operating divisions,

b. are unable to make important decisions, but are obliged to pass on responsibility to their boss,

c. can simulate decentralization, setting up divisions that use

d. instead of the traditional departments which are often at war with each other,

e. so that all employees know who their superior or boss is, to whom they report,

f. e.g. brand manager with an idea can deal directly with

g. this is an example of a staff position: its holder has no line authority,

h. to be organized in a single hierarchy and require functional organization,

i. with a single person or a group of people at the top,

j. and an increasing number of people below them at each level.

k. and is not integrated into the chain of command.

l. and who their immediate subordinates are, to whom they can give instructions.

m. each with its own engineering, production and sales departments.

n. internally determined transfer prices when dealing with each other.

o. the appropriate managers in the finance, manufacturing and sales departments.

p. they are formed to carry out a project, after which they are dissolved and their members reassigned.

q. unless responsibilities have been delegated.

r. usually with production or operations, finance, marketing and personnel departments.