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Buying — покупая having bought — купив
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Упражнение 381
Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
1. (to do) his homework, he was thinking hard. 2. (to do) his homework, he went for a walk. 3. (to sell) fruit, he looked back from time to time, hoping to see his friends. 4. (to sell) all the fruit, he went to see his friends. 5. (to eat) all the potatoes, she drank a cup of tea. 6. (to drink) tea, she scalded her lips. 7. (to run) in the yard, I fell and hurt my knee. 8. (to look) through some magazines, I came across an interesting article about UFOs. 9. (to write) out and (to learn) all the new words, he was able to translate the text easily. 10. (to live) in the south of our country, he cannot enjoy the beauty of St. Petersburg's White Nights in summer. 11. (to talk) to her neighbour in the street, she did not notice how a thief stole her money. 12. (to read) the story, she closed the book and put it on the shelf.
13. (to buy) some juice and cakes, we went home.
14. (to sit) near the fire, he felt very warm.
| «1 | Формы причастия | |
| Active | Passive | |
| Present Perfect Past | writing having written | being written having been written written |
312 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Причастие 313
| Как переводить разные формы причастия на русский язык | ||
| Формы причастия | Как их переводить | |
| причастием | деепричастием | |
| reading | читающий | читая |
| having read | — | прочитав |
| being read | читаемый (т. е. который читают) | будучи читаемым (т. е. когда его читали), будучи прочитанным (т. е. когда его прочитали) |
| having been read | — | будучи прочитанным (т. е. когда его прочитали) |
| read | прочитанный | — |
| building | строящий | строя |
| having built | — | построив |
| being built | строящийся (т. е. который строят) | будучи строящимся (т. е. когда его строили) будучи построенным (т. е. когда его построили) |
| having been built | — | будучи построенным (т. е. когда его построили) |
| built | построенный | — |
Упражнение 382
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
1. The boy lay sleeping when the doctor came. 2. The broken arm was examined by the doctor.
3. While being examined, the boy could not help crying. 4. Having prescribed the medicine, the doctor went away. 5. The medicine prescribed by the doctor was bitter. 6. The dress bought at the department store was very beautiful. 7. While using a needle, you should be careful not to prick your finger. 8. While crossing the street, one should first look to the left and then to the right. 9. People watching a performance are called an audience. 10. Being very ill, she could not go to school. 11. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill. 12. The tree struck by lightning was all black and leafless. 13. Being busy, he postponed his trip. 14. The door bolted on the inside could not be opened. 15. Having been shown the wrong direction, the travellers soon lost their way. 16. The room facing the garden is much more comfortable than this one. 17. Having descended the mountain, they heard a man calling for help. 18. Flushed and excited, the boy came running to his mother. 19. He stood watching the people who were coming down the street shouting and waving their hands.
| Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских причастий | ||||
| CD S 1- о СО о. П. | действительный залог | несовершенный вид | бросающий, бросавший | throwing нельзя1 |
| совершенный вид | бросивший | нельзя1 | ||
| страдательный залог | несовершенный вид | бросаемый | being thrown | |
| совершенный вид | брошенный | thrown |
1 Действительное причастие совершенного вида (а также несовершенного вида прошедшего времени) может быть переведено на английский язык только придаточным определительным предложением (who threw, who has thrown, who had thrown).
314 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Причастие
| Обратите внимание на способы перевода на английский язык русских деепричастий: | ||||
| О S 1-о СО о. с. G) G) d | действительный залог | несовершенный вид | бросая | throwing |
| совершенный вид | бросив | having thrown | ||
| страдательный залог | несовершенный вид | будучи бросаемым | being thrown | |
| совершенный вид | будучи брошенным | being thrown having been thrown |
Упражнение 383
Переведите следующие русские причастия и деепричастия на английский язык.
Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся, переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая, написав, читающий, берущий, данный, прочитав, сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи потерянным, нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя, выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, прочитанный, дав, рисующий, делающий, нарисованный, выпив, говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий, сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, будучи забыт, строящий, строящийся, играя, поиграв, рассказанный, рассказавший, видя, принесший, будучи принесенным, построенный, продав.
Упражнение 384
В следующих предложениях употребите, где возможно, причастия вместо глаголов в личной форме. Изменяйте конструкцию предложения, где необходимо.
1. When he was running across the yard, he fell. 2. When I was going home yesterday, I kept think-
ing about my friend. 3. He put on his coat, went out and looked at the cars which were passing by. 4. She closed the book, put it aside and looked at the children who were running about in the yard. 5. As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody. 6. As we were given dictionaries, we managed to translate the article easily. 7. As soon as I have done my homework, I shall go for a walk. 8. As soon as I have bought the book, I shall begin reading it.
Упражнение 385
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму причастия.
1. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read. 2. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 3. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 4. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family. 5. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present before. 6. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem, he changed the subject. 7. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling humour of the original. 8. (to approve) by the critics, the young author's story was accepted by a thick magazine. 9. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing room. 10. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 11. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 12. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 13. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 14. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours.
316 _______ ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК У ПРАЖНЕНИЙ
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