II. Особенности употребления

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а) Глагол to be (is, are, was, were, will be) согласуется с последующим именем

существительным;

б) в отрицательных предложениях перед much и many и числительным вместо “nо” употребляется “not”.

2.6. ОСНОВНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА (НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ)

Наиболее типичные способы образования Past Indefinite и Participle II

Таблица 2.8

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Participle II	Participle I
to meet	met	met	meeting
to get	got	got	getting
to begin	began	begun	beginning
to write	wrote	written	writing
to take	took	taken	taking
to speak	spoke	spoken	speaking
to sell	sold	sold	selling
to tell	told	told	telling
to keep	kept	kept	keeping
to build	built	built	building
to spend	spent	spent	spending
to send	sent	sent	sending
to let	let	let	letting
to put	put	put	putting
to cost	cost	cost	costing
to go	went	gone	going
to be	was, were	been	being
to have	had	had	having
to make	made	made	making
to do	did	done	doing
to show	showed	shown	showing
to say	said	said	saying
to pay	paid	paid	paying

2.7. ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ CONTINUOUS (ACTIVE VOICE)

to be + Participle I

Таблица 2.9.

	Present (действия, происходящие в данный момент)	Past (действия, происходящие в определенный момент в прошлом)	Future (действия, которые будут происходить в определенный момент в будущем)
	now, at the time, at this moment	at 6 o’clock yesterday, at that time, the whole day yesterday, while, then, when he came	at 6 o’clock tomorrow, at this time tomorrow, the whole day tomorrow, when he comes
Утвердительная форма	I am translating a text on computers now. He/she is translating a text on computers now. We/you/they are translating a text on computers now. Я перевожу... сейчас.	I/he/she was translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock yesterday. We/you/they were translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock yesterday. Я переводил... в 6 часов вчера.	I/we/ he/she/you/they will be translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock tomorrow. Я буду переводить... в 6 часов завтра.
Вопросительная форма	Am I translating a text on computers now? Is he/she translating a text on computers now? Are we/you/they translating a text on computers now?	Was I/he/she translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock yesterday? Were we/you/they translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock yesterday?	Will he/she/you/they/ I/we be translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock tomorrow?
Отрицательная форма	I am not translating a text on computers now. He/she is not translating a text on computers now. We/you/they are not translating a text on computers now.	I/he/she was not translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock yesterday. We/you/they were not translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock yesterday.	He/she/you/they/ I/we will not be translating a text on computers at 6 o’clock tomorrow.

2.9. ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ PERFECT (ACTIVE VOICE)

Have + Participle II

Таблица 2.10.

	Present (законченные действия)	Past (действия, которые начались в прошлом и завершились до определенного момента в прошлом)	Future (действия, которые завершатся к определенному моменту в будущем)
	already, just, ever, never, yet, today, lately, this week/year, for, since	by 6 o’clock yesterday, by that time, by the end of last year, before he came	by 6 o’clock tomorrow, by this time tomorrow, by the end of next year, before he comes
Утвердительная форма	I/we/you/they have translated a text on space research already. He/she has translated a text on space research already. Я перевел... уже	I/he/she/ we/you/they had translated a text on space research before the lesson began. Я перевел... до того, как начался урок.	He/she/you/they/ I/we will have translated a text on space research by 6 o’clock tomorrow. Я переведу... к 6 часам
Вопросительная форма	Have I/we/you/they translated a text on space research already? Has he/she translated a text on space research already?	Had I/he/she/ we/you/they translated a text on space research before the lesson began?	Will I/we/ he/she/you/they have translated a text on space research by 6 o’clock tomorrow?
Отрицательная форма	I/we/you/they have not translated a text on space research yet. He/she has not translated a text on space research yet.	I/he/she/we/you/they had not translated a text on before the lesson began.	He/she/you/they/ I/we will not have translated a text on space research by 6 o’clock tomorrow.

2.10. УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ И ПЕРЕВОД ВРЕМЕН ГРУППЫ PERFECT И PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Таблица 2.11.

	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	has risen Russia has now risen to first place in the world in mineral fertilizer production. Производство минеральных удобрений в России так выросло, что страна вышла на первое место в мире.	have been rising For several years now the wages have been rising continually in our country. В течение последних лет заработная плата в нашей стране неуклонно растет.
Past	had risen It was officially stated that the living standards of Belarusian people had risen as a result of „the fulfillment of the five-year-plan targets. Как официально сообщалось, жизненный уровень белорусского народа возрос в результате выполнения заданий пятилетнего плана.	had been rising Since the beginning of the GPW the guerilla movement had been rising on the occupied territories numbering hundreds of thousands by December, 1942. С самого начала Великой Отечественной войны росло партизанское движение на оккупированной территории, к декабрю 1942 года в нем участвовали сотни тысяч человек.

2.11. ГЛАГОЛ - TO DO -

Таблица 2.12.

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