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Текст 5Выступление Евгения Примакова перед Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН (1997) Уважаемый господин Председатель! Разрешите искренне поздравить Вас, представителя дружественной Украины, с избранием на этот ответственный и почетный пост. Уверены, что под Вашим председательством Генеральная Ассамблея сумеет достичь значительных результатов. До вступления человечества в XXI век остается чуть более 800 дней. С исторической точки зрения это — поистине спринтерский отрезок, и поэтому вполне естественной выглядит потребность посмотреть, что нас ждет впереди. Год назад, выступая с этой трибуны, я говорил о начавшемся процессе перехода к многополярному мироустройству. События истекшего года подтверждают это. Растет многообразие политического, экономического, культурного развития стран. Идет поиск на национальном и региональном уровне их новой самобытности. Складываются новые центры экономического и политического влияния в мире, и одновременно усиливается взаимопереплетение интересов различных государств и народов. Горизонты, открывающиеся перед мировым сообществом, выдвигают новые требования. Это: — утверждение идеалов взаимозависимости и партнерства в — предотвращение возникновения новых разделительных — неукоснительное соблюдение всеми принципов и норм И я бы отдельно назвал проблему не только создания условий для экономического и социального прогресса всех стран, но и поддержания экологического равновесия. Нужно сразу же сказать, что переход от конфронтационного двухполюсного мира к многополярной системе сам по себе не решает этих проблем. Более того, реалисты отдают себе отчет в том, что хотя мы все дальше уходим от устойчивых стереотипов эпохи идеологической конфронтации, количество рисков и угроз в мире не становится меньше. Многонациональных государств в мире достаточно много. Мы решительно поддерживаем инициативы, направленные на предотвращение их насильственной дезинтеграции Формулой решения подобных конфликтов в современном мире и, конечно же, в XXI веке может и должно стать сочетание необходимости сохранения территориальной целостности таких государств с наделением максимальными правами национальных меньшинств. Отступление от любого из этих принципов «двуединой формулы» чревато не просто продолжением, но и опасным развитием таких конфликтных ситуаций. Хочу также обратить особое внимание на такую опасную черту региональных конфликтов, как их способность порождать террористическую волну и выплескивать ее подчас далеко за пределы самой конфликтной зоны. Например, многие боевики, обрушившие кровавый террор на целый ряд стран, возросли на почве продолжительного и все еще полыхающего вооруженного конфликта в Афганистане. Мы решительно выступаем за борьбу против терроризма, в какую бы личину — будь-то в Ирландии или в Израиле — он ни облекался. Сегодня успеха в этой борьбе не добиться без объединения сил всех государств для противодействия этому величайшему злу. Мы за то, чтобы нигде и ни в какой форме не было государственной поддержки терроризму. Вместе с тем нельзя навечно зачислять некоторые государства — члены ООН в изгоев международного сообщества вне зависимости от перемен в их политике или просто как заподозренных в связях с террористами. В современном мире не может быть монополии какого бы то ни было государства на разрешение любого конфликта. Это в полной мере относится и к самому застарелому конфликту на Ближнем Востоке, где создалась тупиковая ситуация в урегулировании. Как говорится, «одной рукой в ладоши не хлопнешь». Для того, чтобы развязать тугой ближневосточный узел, нужны широкие международные усилия. Через объединение усилий пролегает самый прямой путь к разрешению не только застарелых, но и сравнительно новых конфликтов. Хочу в этой связи привлечь внимание к миротворческим усилиям России в регионе СНГ. Тем не менее, мы не тянем одеяло на себя. Миротворческая роль России не замыкается на урегулировании конфликтов вокруг ее границ, а носит более широкий характер. Наша страна отправила своих миротворцев в различные «горячие точки» под флагом ООН, участвуя в 9 из 17 ооновских операций по поддержанию мира. В этой связи хотел бы остановиться на действиях по принуждению к миру. Особенно в условиях определенной децентрализации ОПМ к этому должны относиться чрезвычайно осторожно. Мы твердо стоим на том, что акции силового характера могут осуществляться исключительно по решению Совета безопасности ООН и под его непосредственным контролем, как это и предусмотрено в Уставе Организации. При переходе к многополярному миру в XXI веке огромное значение имеет создание таких условий, которые сделают стабильным новое мироустройство. Для этого необходимо завершить разборку завалов прошлого, прежде всего наследия десятилетий массированной гонки вооружений. Мы проходим здесь свою часть пути и полны решимости идти дальше. Вместе с США ритмично осуществляем сокращение стратегических вооружений. Между президентами России и США Б.Н.Ельциным и Б.Клинтоном достигнуто понимание относительно основных параметров договоренностей в этой области. Однако уже сегодня жизни уносят обычные вооружения. Уносят в локальных конфликтах, а зачастую и там, где бои уже закончены. В этой связи мы полностью отдаем себе отчет в отношении гуманитарного измерения минной проблемы. Считаем, что ликвидация минной угрозы для людей, прежде всего гражданского населения — задача назревшая. Мы — за энергичные, поэтапные усилия по ее решению. Благотворное влияние на улучшение европейского климата уже оказывает рожденный, можно сказать, в мучительных поисках компромисса Основополагающий Акт об отношениях России с НАТО. Это — документ высокого международного звучания, и ему, несомненно, надлежит сыграть существенную роль в европейской политике. Подписание этого документа, естественно, не снимает нашего негативного отношения к расширению НАТО, которое, с одной стороны, абсолютно не исходит из существующей реальности, а с другой — чревато созданием новых разделительных линий. Считаю абсолютно необходимым упомянуть о еще одном вкладе в укрепление добрососедства в Европе. Речь идет о подписанных не так давно договорах России с Украиной и Белоруссией, позволивших нашим государствам сделать важные шаги вперед в плане развития взаимовыгодных равноправных отношений, укрепивших стабильность в регионе. Свое выступление я начал призывом спроецировать возможности мирового сообщества на проблемы сегодняшнего дня и перспективы грядущего века. А закончить хочу известной мудростью: «Пессимисты являются лишь сторонними наблюдателями — мир меняют оптимисты». Мы — оптимисты и верим, что ООН сумеет сыграть положительную роль в поступательном развитии мирового сообщества. * * * Mr. President, Allow me to most sincerely congratulate you/to express my most sincere congratulations to you, a representative of Ukraine, with which we have friendly relations, on your election to this important and distinguished post. We are convinced/sure/certain that under your presidency/leadership the General Assembly will be able to achieve significant results/make significant progress. In a little more than 800 days mankind will enter upon the 21st century/Until mankind enters upon the 21st century there remain little more than 800 days. From a historical point of view/From the point of view of history this is really no more than/merely/just a single sprinter's lap, and it is quite natural that there is a need to/and the need to look at what lies ahead of us is therefore quite natural. A year ago, speaking from/in my speech from this same rostrum, I spoke about/to/referred to the beginning of/emerging of/start of/the process of a transition to a multipolar world order. The events/ developments of the past year have confirmed/reaffirmed this. There has been a growth of diversity in the political, economic and cultural development of countries. There is a search (underway)/A search is taking place at the national and regional levels for new identities. There is/a forming/an emergence/growth of new centers of economic and political influence in the world together/along/coupled with/ in parallel with/and simultaneously/an increase in the/ intermeshing/ interweaving/reciprocal involvement of the interests of various states and peoples. The horizons opening up to the international community are giving rise to/producing/setting/posing new/challenges/demands/ needs. These are: — assertion of the ideals of interdependence and partnership in — prevention of the emergence/appearance of new dividing/ — strict/unswerving compliance with/adherence to/by all to the I would cite as a separate issue/problem not only the creation/ establishment of conditions for the economic and social progress of all countries, but also the maintenance of the environmental/ecological balance. It should be made clear at the outset/I wish to stress/that the transition from a confrontational bipolar world to a multipolar system cannot by itself/alone/resolve these problems. Furthermore/moreover, realists are well aware that although we are moving farther away from oversimplified stereotypes of the era of ideological confrontation, the number of (existing) risks and threats in the/in today's/world has not decreased. There are quite a few/quite a number of multinational states in the world. We strongly/firmly support the initiatives intended/designed to prevent their forced disintegration. The formula for the resolution of such conflicts in today's/the contemporary/our modern world, and, of course, in the XXI century, can and must be a combination of the need to preserve the territorial integrity of such states with the granting of the broadest/maximum possible rights to national minorities. Abandonment of/digressing from/dropping any of the principles of the "two-track formula" would be fraught with/risk/ entail both a continuation and a dangerous escalation/intensification of such conflict situations. I also would like to call to your attention/draw your attention to/a dangerous aspect/feature/characteristic of regional conflicts — their ability/capacity to trigger/cause/give rise to/spark/unleash a wave of terrorism and to spread/extend it far beyond the borders of the actual conflict zone. For example, many fighters/militants who launched/ started/caused bloody campaigns of terror in a great number/wide range of countries began/started with/emerged from/originated in/ grew out of the continuing and still raging armed conflict in Afghanistan. We firmly/strongly support the campaign against terrorism, in whatever form/guise/trappings/in all forms (it may take). Today success in this struggle/campaign is impossible without/can only be achieved by all states pooling/uniting their efforts to counteract/ combat this vicious/horrendous scourge/evil. We are opposed to government backing of terrorism in any place and in any form/We believe, that in no place and in no form whatsoever should there be government support for terrorism. At the same time certain/some/ individual UN member states should not be forever/once and for all written off/stigmatized/labeled as/placed in the category of outlaws/ rogue states/pariahs within the international community regardless/ irrespective of changes in their policies or simply due to/because of their suspected links to terrorists. In today's/the present-day world there can be no monopolies of any state (whatsoever) on efforts at resolving any and all conflicts/ conflict resolution. This is certainly fully applicable/this can certainly be applied to/this also goes for the longest-standing/oldest/most drawn-out conflict in the Middle East, where there is a stalemate/ deadlock/impasse in the settlement process/the settlement process is deadlocked. As the saying goes, "it takes two hands to clap/one hand won't create applause." Untangling the tough/tight Middle East knot/resolving the knotty/difficult Middle East conflict will require broad international efforts/Wide-ranging international efforts are needed to break the Middle East stalemate. A pooling/uniting of efforts can/will provide the best solution/most direct means/most effective way to resolve both long-standing and relatively new conflicts. Here/in this regard I would like to draw to your attention/call your attention to the peacekeeping efforts of Russia in the CIS region. Nevertheless, we are not trying to take advantage of the situation/get more than our fair share here. Russia's peacekeeping role is not limited/confined to conflict settlement efforts around its borders, but is broader/than that/in nature. Our country has sent its peacekeepers to various hot spots/flash points under the UN flag, and they are participating/taking part in 9 of 17 UN peacekeeping operations. Here/in this connection/ I would like to comment/dwell on/refer to peace enforcement actions. In particular, in the decentralized conditions of/given the decentralization of some peacekeeping operations/PKOs great caution/prudence must be used/exercised/demonstrated. We firmly believe that actions offeree can only/be taken/carried out/solely upon authorization by the UN Security Council and under its direct supervision/control, as provided for in the Charter of the Organization/the UN Charter. As we move/make the transition towards a multipolar world in the XXI century it is of the greatest/enormous/critical importance to create conditions conducive to/which will bring about/stability/of the new world order/which will make the new world order stable. For that purpose/to that end/to do so there is a need to finish off with/ demolish/overcome/put an end to the hurdles/obstacles of the past and above all the legacy of decades of the massive arms race. We have been doing our part here and are determined to continue. Together with the US we have been steadily carrying out reductions of/reducing strategic weapons. The presidents of Russia and the US, Boris Yeltsin and Bill Clinton/Presidents Yeltsin and Clinton/ have reached an understanding regarding the basic parameters of/for the agreements in this field/area. However, at this time/today (it is) conventional weapons (which) are killing people/causing casualties/claiming victims in local conflicts, and often in situations in which the fighting has/the hostilities have stopped/ceased. Here we are fully aware of the humanitarian aspect of the problem of mines. We believe/consider that the elimination of the mine threat, above all to the civilian population, is long overdue/is urgent. We favor/advocate energetic/active and phased efforts to resolve this problem. A beneficial/favorable/positive impact/influence on improving the European climate/atmosphere has already been exerted/demonstrated by a thing/something which was born of/produced by a painful/arduous quest/search for compromise, namely/that is/the Founding Act on relations between Russia and NATO. This is a document of great international importance/significance/resonance, and it undoubtedly/ unquestionably/indisputably will play an essential/pivotal/substantive role in European politics. The signing of this document, of course/ naturally/however, has not changed our negative view of/attitude towards the expansion of NATO, which, on the one hand, totally ignores current realities/has nothing to do with the present state of affairs/is not based on today's realities and on the other is fraught with the risk/danger of/is likely to create new dividing lines. It is my duty to/I am (duty) bound to/I cannot fail to/I find it imperative to mention/yet another contribution to strengthening good-neighborly relations in Europe. I am referring to/I have in mind/ the recently signed agreements between Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, which have enabled/allowed/made it possible for our states to make real progress/take major steps forward/in developing mutually beneficial/advantageous and equitable relations/relations on an equal footing, which have strengthened stability in the region. I began my statement/intervention with an appeal to encourage/ call for the international community to (use its potential) resolve current/today's problems and to look forward to the coming century. And I would like to conclude with the well-known saying/maxim/ adage, "Pessimists are only passive observers/bystanders; the world is changed by optimists/it is optimists who change the world." We are optimists, and believe that the UN will be able to play a positive role in the development/evolution of the international community. Комментарии: 1) дружественной Украины — "friendly Ukraine" is possible, and may be the only solution if the interpreter is rushing, but it does not sound good in English. "With which we have friendly relations" is much longer but also much more idiomatic. 2) спринтерский отрезок — the Russian text does not say "a single" or 3) начавшемся процессе — In this sentence the past active participle 4)идет поиск на... — this can be rendered as "There is a search 5) не только создания... но и поддержания — when there is time this 6)многонациональных государств в мире достаточно много — "there 7) хочу также обратить особое внимание на такую опасную черту региональных конфликтов, как... — in such a construction the interpreter 8) возросли на почве... конфликта в Афганистане — "на почве" does 9)мы решительно выступаем за борьбу против терроризма — "We
10)борьбу против терроризма — it bears repeating that in many political 11)мы за то, чтобы нигде и ни в какой форме не было государственной поддержки терроризму — if the interpreter has no text and starts in
12)зачислять... в изгоев — takes some reworking. The idea is that these 13)одной рукой в ладоши не хлопнешь — if the interpreter has a text or 14)через объединение усилий пролегает самый прямой путь... — this is 15)тем не менее, мы не тянем одеяло на себя — of course, the 16)под флагом ООН, участвуя... — English requires an explanatory 17) поддержание мира, принуждение мира — this relatively new 18)огромное значение имеет создание таких условий... — starting the 19)между президентами России и США Б.Н.Ельциным и Б.Клинтоном 20) жизни уносят — "lives are swept away" is extremely awkward. caused" are possibilities. And here a continuous present tense — i.e. "are being killed" is absolutely necessary, since a continuing process is being described. Обычные вооружения are always translated as "conventional" weapons or arms. 21)задача назревшая — this can be a task or problem which is long 22)Благотворное влияние на улучшение европейского климата уже ока 23)чревато созданием — While the standard translation of чревато is 24)речь идет о подписанных не так давно договорах — the expression
25)равноправных отношений — "equal relations" does not work. 26)свое выступление я начал призывом... — clearly, "I began my
Statement by Evgeny Primakov to the UN General Assembly (1997) (Текст читается с американским акцентом) Mr. President, Allow me to most sincerely congratulate you, a representative of Ukraine, with which we have friendly relations, on your election to this important and distinguished post. We are certain that under your presidency the General Assembly will be able to make significant progress. In a little more than 800 days mankind will enter upon the 21st century. From the point of view of history this is really just a single sprinter's lap, and it is quite natural that there is a need to look at what lies ahead of us. A year ago, speaking from this same rostrum, I referred to the beginning of the process of a transition to a multipolar world order. The events of the past year have reaffirmed this. There has been a growth of diversity in the political, economic and cultural development of countries. There is a search at the national and regional levels for new identities. There is a growth of new centers of economic and political influence in the world together with an increase in the reciprocal involvement of interests of various states and peoples. The horizons opening up to the international community are posing new challenges. These are: — assertion of the ideals of interdependence and partnership in — prevention of the emergence of new dividing lines and — strict compliance with all the principles and norms of I would cite as a separate issue not only the creation of conditions for the economic and social progress of all countries, but also the maintenance of the environmental balance. It should be made clear at the outset that the transition from a confrontational bipolar world to a multipolar system cannot by itself resolve these problems. Moreover, realists are well aware that although we are moving farther away from oversimplified stereotypes of the era of ideological confrontation, the number of risks and threats in today's world has not decreased. There are quite a few multinational states in the world. We firmly support the initiatives intended to prevent their forced disintegration. The formula for the resolution of such conflicts in our modern world, and, of course, in the twenty-first century, can and must be a combination of the need to preserve the territorial integrity of such states together with the granting of the broadest possible rights to national minorities. Abandonment of any of the principles of the "two-track formula" would risk both a continuation and a dangerous escalation of such conflict situations. I also would like to call to your attention a dangerous characteristic of regional conflicts — their ability to unleash a wave of terrorism and to spread it far beyond the borders of the actual conflict zone. For example, many militants who launched bloody campaigns of terror in a great number of countries emerged from the continuing and still raging armed conflict in Afghanistan. We strongly support the campaign against terrorism, in whatever form. Today success in this struggle can only be achieved by all states uniting their efforts to counteract this horrendous scourge. We are opposed to government backing of terrorism in any place and in any form. At the same time some UN member states should not be once and for all written off as rogue states within the international community regardless of changes in their policies or simply because of their suspected links to terrorists. In today's world there can be no monopolies of any state on efforts at resolving any and all conflicts. This is certainly fully applicable to the oldest conflict in the Middle East, where the settlement process is deadlocked. As the saying goes, "it takes two hands to clap." Resolving the difficult Middle East conflict will require broad international efforts. A pooling of efforts can provide the most effective way to resolve both long-standing and relatively new conflicts. Here I would like to draw to your attention the peacekeeping efforts of Russia in the CIS region. Nevertheless, we are not trying to take advantage of the situation. Russia's peacekeeping role is not confined to conflict settlement efforts around its borders, but is broader in nature. Our country has sent its peacekeepers to various hot spots under the UN flag, and they are participating in 9 of 17 UN peacekeeping operations. Here I would like to comment on peace enforcement actions. In particular, in the decentralized conditions of some peacekeeping operations, great caution must be exercised. We firmly believe that actions of force can only be carried out upon authorization by the UN Security Council and under its direct supervision, as provided for in the UN Charter. As we move towards a multipolar world in the twenty-first century it is of the greatest importance to create conditions conducive to stability of the new world order. To that end there is a need to overcome the obstacles of the past and above all the legacy of decades of the massive arms race. We have been doing our part here and are determined to continue. Together with the US we have been steadily reducing strategic weapons. Presidents Yeltsin and Clinton have reached an understanding regarding the basic parameters for the agreements in this field. However, today conventional weapons are causing casualties in local conflicts, and often in situations in which the hostilities have ceased. Here we are fully aware of the humanitarian aspect of the problem of mines. We believe that the elimination of the mine threat, above all to the civilian population, is long overdue. We advocate active and phased efforts to resolve this problem. A positive impact on improving the European climate has already been exerted by something which was born of a painful quest for compromise, namely the Founding Act on relations between Russia and NATO. This is a document of great international importance, and it undoubtedly will play a pivotal role in European politics. The signing of this document, however, has not changed our negative attitude towards the expansion of NATO, which, on the one hand, totally ignores current realities, and, on the other, is likely to create new dividing lines. It is my duty to mention yet another contribution to strengthening good-neighborly relations in Europe. I am referring to the recently signed agreements between Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, which have made it possible for our states to make real progress in developing mutually advantageous relations on an equal footing, which have strengthened stability in the region. I began my statement with an appeal to encourage the international community to resolve today's problems and to look forward to the coming century. And I would like to conclude with the well-known saying, "Pessimists are only passive observers; it is optimists who change the world." We are optimists, and believe that the UN will be able to play a positive role in the evolution of the international community.
Текст б Выступление Э.А. Шеварднадзе в Гарвардском университете (1991 г.) Чтобы чувствовать себя уверенно в мире, в котором будет падать роль ядерного оружия, нам нужно знать, как мы сможем защититься от ядерного терроризма. В настоящее время существуют весьма точные неядерные вооружения, способные хирургическими ударами сорвать планы возможных террористов. Разумеется, эта проблема заслуживает самого серьезного рассмотрения. Мы не должны забывать и другой благоприятствующий фактор — нашу способность достаточно точно знать, что происходит в мире с точки зрения военной активности. Эта прозрачность мира будет только нарастать, а с нею повышаться наша уверенность, что все меньше и меньше будет неожиданностей, что все больше мы будем знать о происходящем в самых далеких уголках земного шара. Было бы неверным представлять дело так, будто все опасности проистекают от ядерного, химического или бактериологического оружия. Просто этот ряд опасностей мы должны постараться свести к нулю, ибо они очень дорого могут стоить человечеству. Честно говоря, меня беспокоит то, что мы стали более терпеливыми к угрозе, скажем, ядерной катастрофы. Да, мир изменился. В нем нет более того острого военного противостояния, которое вызывало острый стресс буквально у каждого человека. Сейчас положение иное — политически и психологически. Но при всем том десятки тысяч ядерных зарядов остаются в арсеналах ядерных держав. К сожалению, замедлились темпы разоруженческих процессов. После первоначальных ярких успехов топчутся на месте переговоры по стратегическим ядерным вооружениям, по запрещению химического оружия, неоправданно задержалась ратификация Договора по обычным силам в Европе. Закончилось уничтожение всех ракет средней и меньшей дальности, подпадающих под действие договора. Но образовался и разрыв в работе конвейера, работающего по уничтожению ракет. А военные заводы ведь продолжают работать, пусть даже не на прежнюю мощность. Нельзя оставить недостроенным то здание нового мира, которое мы совместно взялись создать. Если мы не будем каждый день что-то надстраивать, то это здание придет в упадок, начнет деградировать. Этого нельзя допустить. Наши дети не простят нам упущенных шансов, ибо они получат в этом случае не такое хорошее образование, не лучшую медицинскую помощь и другие социальные услуги. Мы стоим еще в самом начале пути в наших поисках того, как можно упорядочить торговлю обычным оружием, создать региональные структуры безопасности, учредить механизмы по предотвращению возникновения кризисных ситуаций. Всем надо приспособиться к новым реалиям, к новому облику мира. Ведь сегодня он радикальным и даже неузнаваемым образом отличается от того, каким он был даже несколько лет тому назад. Позади остались не только «холодная война», длительные вооруженные конфликты в разных регионах мира. Сегодня мы говорим о единой Германии, как об элементарном факте жизни. Но разве все это было возможным еще пару лет назад? Представить себе подобное было трудно. Мир становится единым в своих действиях, в своих желаниях избавиться от тяжкого наследия прошлого. Среди этого наследия и ядерные испытания, ядерные арсеналы. В новой обстановке, на новом витке сознания общности человечества от них пора, можно и надо избавиться. Ученые во всех странах должны помочь людям осознать происшедшее, понять суть изменений и сказать, какую дорогу нам нужно избрать, чтобы не заблудиться в лесу жизни и политики. Нам всем нужен прогноз на будущее. Надо объединить для этого силы, выступающие за мир, свободу и демократию. Спасибо за внимание.
* * * То feel confident/sure/to ensure a feeling of confidence in a world in which/the role of nuclear weapons will be diminished/will decline/nuclear weapons will play a less important role/will be less important/, we need to know how to defend/protect ourselves from nuclear terrorism. At the present time/now/currently there are/there exist highly accurate non-nuclear weapons, which through surgical strikes have the ability/capability/capacity to thwart/block/undermine the plans of possible/potential terrorists. Naturally/of course,/this problem merits/deserves the most serious consideration. We must/should not forget still/yet another positive factor: our ability to know with reasonable accuracy/quite/rather accurately what is taking place/happening/occurring/in the world from the point of view of/as regards military activity/as far as military activity is concerned. This transparency of the world will clearly/certainly continue to grow, along/together/with our enhanced/increased confidence that there will be less and less unexpected/surprise factors/ elements, and that we will know more and more/increasingly more about what is taking place/happening/occurring/in the most remote corners of the globe/everywhere/throughout the world. It would be wrong to view the issue/to see things/as though all dangers are derived/stem from nuclear, chemical or bacteriological weapons. We must simply try to wipe out/eliminate/rid ourselves of this category of/set of/these kinds of dangers, which otherwise may make mankind pay a very high price/may prove very costly to mankind. Frankly speaking, I am concerned by the fact that we have become more tolerant of such threats as that of nuclear disaster. Yes, the world has changed. It no longer is fraught with/contains/is characterized by that drastic/acute/military confrontation which imposed/caused terrible/enormous/drastic/acute stress on/for/each and every/literally each and every/individual/luiman being. Today/Now the situation is different, politically and psychologically. Nevertheless, (dozens of) thousands of nuclear warheads remain in the arsenals of the nuclear powers. Unfortunately, the rate/pace of progress in disarmament/the disarmament process, has slowed (down). After the first/initial striking successes, we see stalling/there is now a process of marking time/in negotiations on strategic nuclear weapons, on the prohibition of chemical weapons, and there has been an unwarranted delay in the ratification of the treaty on conventional forces in Europe. The destruction of all intermediate and shorter range missiles has been completed, missiles covered by the treaty. But a gap has now appeared/emerged in the work of the assembly line for destroying missiles. And military plants are continuing their operations, although not at/at less than/their former capacity. We cannot leave unfinished that edifice/building/construction of a new world, which we have jointly undertaken to create. If we do not, every single day, add something to that structure/continue the building process,/the building will start to collapse and deteriorate/ decline and fall. That/cannot be allowed (to happen)/must not happen/must not be. Our children will not forgive us lost opportunities, for then they will not be getting such a good education, or the best medical care, or other social services. We are still at the very beginning/first stages of our search for ways to organize the trade/traffic in conventional weapons, toestablish regional security arrangements/systems, to establish/set up machinery/mechanisms to prevent (the emergence/outbreak of) crisis situations. We must all adapt to new realities, to/the new face of the/a changed/different/world. For today, it is radically and even unrecognizably/staggeringly different from what it was only a few years ago. We have left behind both the Cold War and protracted/drawn-out/lengthy armed conflicts in various regions of the world. Today we speak of a united Germany as of an elementary/basic fact of life. But would/could all this really have been possible just a couple of/even two years ago? It would have been difficult to imagine something like this/of this sort/something similar. The world is becoming one — in its actions, in its desire/hope/ wish to rid itself of the onerous/burdensome legacy of the past. That legacy includes nuclear tests and nuclear arsenals. In a new situation, at a new level of awareness of mankind's sense of community/of what mankind has in common/shares, it is time to/there is a need to get rid of them/it is high time — and it is our obligation — to get rid of them. Scientists/scholars/academics/thinkers/in all countries must help people to become aware of/what has happened/the significance of events, to understand the thrust/point/of the changes and to point out/indicate/what road we need to take to avoid losing our way in the forest/thickets of life and politics. We all need a prognosis for the future. For that, we need to unite those forces which are championing/advocating/advancing peace, freedom and democracy. Комментарии: 1) в настоящее время — "now" is much shorter than "at the present 2)с точки зрения — is often not literally "from the point of view of," but 3)о происходящем в самых далеких уголках земного шара — a simple 4)было бы неверным — the best solution here is "It would be wrong." 5)острого военного противостояния, острый стресс — the interpreter 6)десятки тысяч ядерных боеголовок — "tens of thousands" would 7)топчутся на месте переговоры — the negotiations are stalled, not going 8) неоправданно — here "unwarranted" works much better than 9) здание придет в упадок — edifice is much better than building, both 10)этого нельзя допустить — "this must be prevented," "this must not 11)в этом случае — the idea here is "if that happens," (which is a 12)мы стоим еще в самом начале пути — "path" as a translation for 13)позади остались не только холодная война — here the sentence can 14)но разве все это было возможным — "really" can render the force 15)ученые во всех странах — the word ученый often presents problems. 16)чтобы не заблудиться в лесу жизни и политики — "forest of life" is 17) прогноз — the best choice here is "prognosis," which is stylistically 18) надо объединить — can be rendered in the active mood as "We need 19) выступающие за мир, свободу и демократию — though "favor" is
Speech by E.A. Shevardnadze, Harvard University, 1991 (Читается в нормальном и быстром темпах с американским акцентом) То feel confident in a world in which the role of nuclear weapons will be diminished, we need to know how to protect ourselves from nuclear terrorism. Currently there are highly accurate non-nuclear weapons, which through surgical strikes have the capability of thwarting the plans of potential terrorists. Naturally, this problem merits the most serious consideration. We must not forget yet another positive factor: our ability to know with reasonable accuracy what is taking place in the world as far as military activity is concerned. This transparency of the world will clearly continue to grow, along with our increased confidence that there will be less and less unexpected elements, and that we will know more and more about what is taking place throughout the world. It would be wrong to see things as though all dangers stemmed from nuclear, chemical or bacteriological weapons. We must simply try to eliminate this category of dangers, which otherwise may make mankind pay a very high price. Frankly speaking, I am concerned by the fact that we have become more tolerant of such threats as that of nuclear disaster. Yes, the world has changed. It no longer is characterized by that drastic military confrontation which imposed enormous stress on each and every human being. Today the situation is different, politically and psychologically. Nevertheless, thousands of nuclear warheads remain in the arsenals of the nuclear powers. Unfortunately, the pace of progress in the disarmament process has slowed. After the initial striking successes, there is now a process of marking time in negotiations on strategic nuclear weapons, on the prohibition of chemical weapons, and there has been an unwarranted delay in the ratification of the treaty on conventional forces in Europe. The destruction of all intermediate and shorter range missiles covered by the treaty has been completed. But a gap has now emerged in the work of the assembly line for destroying missiles. And military plants are continuing their operations, although at less than their former capacity. We cannot leave unfinished that edifice of a new world, which we have jointly undertaken to create. If we do not, every single day, add something to that structure, the building will start to collapse, and decline and fall. That must not happen. Our children will not forgive us lost opportunities, for then they will not be getting such a good education, or the best medical care, or other social services. We are still at the very first stages of our search for ways to organize the trade in conventional weapons, to establish regional security arrangements, to establish mechanisms to prevent crisis situations. We must all adapt to new realities, to a changed world. For today, it is radically and even unrecognizably different from what it was only a few years ago. We have left behind both the Cold War and protracted conflicts in various regions of the world. Today we speak of a united Germany as of a basic fact of life. But could all this really have been possible just two years ago? It would have been difficult to imagine something of this sort. The world is becoming one in its actions, in its desire to rid itself of the onerous legacy of the past. That legacy includes nuclear tests and nuclear arsenals. In a new situation, at a new level of awareness of mankind's sense of community, it is high time — and it is our obligation — to get rid of them. Academics in all countries must help people to become aware of the significance of events, to understand the point of the changes and to indicate what road we need to take to avoid losing our way in the thickets of life and politics. We all need a prognosis for the future. For that, we need to unite those forces, which are championing peace, freedom and democracy.
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