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Sawn wood products





All trees can be manufactured into a wide range of products. However, in all cases, the first link in the chain has to do with products that are cut from the forest itself. We call these “raw wood” products. There is a number of different kinds of raw wood products. “ Roundwood ” refers to raw products such as sawlogs, veneer, pulpwood and poles. However, there is a number of other raw wood products, such as chips, firewood, boughs, maple sap and Christmas trees.

Lumber or timber is wood that is used in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production. Sawn timber is produced by sawing a log longitudinally to create pieces of sawn timber each with a square or rectangular cross section. The cross section is usually one of the “industry standard sizes” although on occasions, the timber may be sawn to a special non-standard cross section.

Lumber is supplied eitherrough or finished. Besides pulpwood, rough lumber is the raw material for furniture-making and other items requiring additional cutting and shaping. It is available in many species, usually hardwoods. Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry, primarily softwood from coniferous species including pine, fir and spruce (collectively known as Spruce-pine-fir), cedar, hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring.

In the United Kingdom and Australia, “timber” is a term also used for sawn wood products (that is, boards), whereas generally in the United States and Canada, the product of timber cut into boards is referred to as “lumber”. In the United States and Canada, timber often refers to the wood contents of standing, live trees that can be used for lumber or fibre production, although it can also be used to describe sawn lumber whose smallest dimension is not less than 5 inches (127 mm) such as the large dimension and often partially finished lumber used in timber-frame construction. In the United Kingdom the word “lumber” has several other meanings including unused or unwanted items.

Dimensional lumber is a term used for lumber that is finished/planed and cut to standardized width and depth specified in inches. The length of a board is usually specified separately from the width and depth. It is thus possible to find 2×4s that are four, eight, or twelve feet in length. In the United States the standard lengths of lumber are 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 feet. Lumber’s nominal dimensions are given in terms of green (not dried), rough (unfinished) dimensions. The finished size is smaller, as a result of drying (which shrinks the wood) and planing (to smooth the wood). However, the difference between “nominal” and “finished” lumber size can vary. So various standards have specified the difference between nominal size and finished size of lumber.

Timber or lumber may be treated with a preservative that protects it from being destroyed by insects, fungus or exposure to moisture. Generally this is applied through combined vacuum and pressure treatment. The preservatives used to pressure-treat lumber are classified as pesticides. Treating lumber provides long-term resistance to organisms that cause deterioration. If preservatives are applied correctly, they extend the productive life of lumber by five to ten times. If left untreated, wood that is exposed to moisture or soil for sustained periods of time will become weakened by various types of fungi, bacteria or insects.

Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики

raw wood необработанная древесина
sawn wood пиломатериал
roundwood раундвуд, круглый лесоматериал
sawlog пиловочник
veneer шпон
pole столб
chips щепки
firewood дрова
bough ветка
maple sap кленовый сок
lumber пиломатериалы; строительный материал
timber лесоматериал, строевой лес
rough lumber необработанные пиломатериалы
finished lumber готовые пиломатериалы
dimensional lumber лесоматериал установленных размеров, стандартный лесоматериал
pulpwood балансовая древесина
hardwood древесина лиственных пород
softwood древесина хвойных пород
pine сосна
fir ель, пихта
spruce ель
cedar кедр
hemlock тсуга канадская
board доска
timber-frame construction деревянная конструкция
flooring настилка полов; половые строганые доски
drying сушка
planing строгание
shrink сжиматься, давать усадку, усыхать
preservatives средства для предохранения от гниения
pesticide пестицид
treatment обработка
fungus (fungi) гриб, грибок (грибы)
deterioration разложение древесины

Date: 2015-07-02; view: 637; Нарушение авторских прав; Помощь в написании работы --> СЮДА...



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