Особенности перевода

Независимый причастный оборот всегда выделяется запятыми!

1. Если независимый причастный оборот находится в начале предложения, то он переводится придаточным предложением и вводится словами: так как; когда; после того как; поскольку; в виду того, что; если.

· My sister having lost the key, we couldn’t enter the house.– Так как моя сестра потеряла ключ, мы не смогли войти в дом.

2. Если независимый причастный оборот находится во второй части предложения, он переводится самостоятельным предложением и вводится союзами а, и, причем.

· That plant produces large quantities of pig-iron, most of the pig-iron being turned into steel. – Этот завод производит большое количество чугуна, причем большая часть чугуна перерабатывается в сталь.

3. Иногда встречаются независимые причастные обороты, начинающиеся с with. Переводятся они так же.

· With America and Britain spending large sums on rearmament, it is hard to believe that there can be any serious decline in the demand for metals. – Так как Америка и Британия тратят большие суммы на перевооружение, трудно предположить, что может быть серьезное снижение спроса на металл.

Exercises:

Ex.1Match English and Russian sentences paying a special attention to “ing-form”.

1. Our laboratory is now developing 1. Лаборатория, разрабатывающая
a new semiconductor device. новое полупроводниковое устрой­

ство, должна решить многие

проблемы.

2. Developing a new semicon- 2. Разрабатывая новое noлупроводни- ductor device our laboratory had ковое устройство, наша лаборатория to solve many problems. должна была решить многие

проблемы.

3. The laboratory developing а new 3. Наша лаборатория сейчас разраба-
semiconductor device has to solve тывает новое полупроводниковое many problems. устройство.

Ex.2 Find English equivalent.

1. улучшаемый, улучшенный; 2. открываемый, открытый;

3. устанавливаемый, установленный; 4. исследуемый, исследованный;

5. поддерживаемый, поддержанный; 6. встречаемый, встреченный;

7. разрушаемый, разрушен­ный; 8. помещаемый, помещенный

1. put; 2. improved; 3. established; 4. explored; 5. opened; 6. met;

7. destroyed; 8. maintained

Ex.3 Translate the following sentences into Russian. Define the functions of the Participles.

1. Не heard the voices coming through the open window.

2. Waiting for him I looked through the magazines lying on the table.

3. They remained at home refusing to go anywhere that day.

4. The channel linking the two seas is being built now.

5. The explanation given was not complete.

6. The new materials recommended for bridge construction were described in the article written by our professor.

7. The results received were of great importance for further work.

8. A balsa tree found in South America is lighter than any other.

9. Having passed all the examinations he left for his native town.

10. Having been shown the way I could find his house easily.

11. Having waited for him for half an hour they went home.

12. Having obtained the necessary results they stopped their experimental work.

13. When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups.

14. When writing a telegram we must use as few words as possible.

15. When burnt, coal produces heat.

16. When reconstructed, the theatre looked more beautiful than before.

17. Being built in a new way modern houses have better facilities.

18. He said he had already translated the article given by the teacher.

19. When translated, his article on chemistry was sent to the International Chemical Congress.

20. Being translated into many foreign languages, Gorky's works were read with great interest all over the world.

21. Translating the English article into Russian he looked up the unknown words in the dictionary.

22. Having translated the article from the newspaper he showed it to the teacher.

Ex.4Translate the sentences and define the functions of the Participles.

1. Any vibrating object produces a sound.

2. Electrons, forming an atom, are in motion.

3. Considering the matter he encountered many difficulties.

4. The units used to measure time, space and mass are called fundamental units.

5. Insulated, the wire may be used as a conductor.

6. The pressure removed, the air springs back to its original volume.

Ex.5Translate the sentences with the Simple Participle constructions and Absolute Participle constructions.

1. She bringing this material, we shall use it.

2. Technology having reached a high stage of development new methods of work became possible.

3. The engineer was repairing the damaged machine-tool, two workers helping him.

4. The number of scientists conducting similar experiments was increasing.

5. The effect of temperature is being investigated by the author mentioned above.

6. Having investigated the effect of temperature the authors mentioned above came to a definite conclusion.

7. The article having been translated, he could read some book for pleasure.

Ex.6 Translate the sentences and define the functions of the Participle: a) attribute, b) predicative, c) adverbial modifier.

a) Participle I
1. A molecule is a compound consisting of two or more atoms.
2. Combining hydrogen with oxygen in the proportion of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen we produce water.

3. When speaking about oxygen it is necessary to say that it is a colourless, odourless gas having density at standard pressure and temperature of about one seven-hundredth that of water. It is soluble in water becoming liquid at about 180 °C.

4. While burning different substances combine with oxygen.

5. The assistant was preparing the solution very carefully.

6. The solution is boiling.

7. The boiling solution has neither colour nor odour.

b) Participle II

1. The solution of the problem required concentrated efforts of many scientists.

2. The data required were analysed in our laboratory.

3. When required, the data will be applied in our practical work.

4. The investigations analysed resulted in an interesting discovery.

5. Heated glass is plastic.

6. When heated, glass can be easily worked.

7. Some heat-resistant types of glasses can be heated until they are red and do not break, if then placed into ice water.

8. Some new properties of the polymer found during the experiments were quite unexpected.