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Inventors and Their InventionsI,Read the text. What is the main idea of this text?
4 Samuel Colt was an American. He lived in the 19th century. In the 1836 he designed and patented a pistol. It was a pistol with a revolving barrel that could fire 6 bullets one after the other. It was the first pistol of its kind. Later there came many other pistols with 6 bullets. 5 Rudolf Diesel was a German engineer. He was born in 1858 and died in 1913. In 1897 he invented a new internal combustion engine. This engine is known as a diesel and began a transport revolution in cars, lorries, trains and ships. The main advantage of diesels is that they run on rather cheap fuel. 8 Gotlif Daimler and Charles Benz were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19th century each of them designed a car. At the same time they organized two independent firms to produce them. 9 All the cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called “Mercedes”. Mercedes was a daughter’s name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from the financial crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. But after the World War I the firm of Daimler met financial difficulties again. This time it had to join the firm of Benz. Since that time all the cars produced by the firm “Daimler-Benz” have been called “Mercedes-Benz”
11 Several attempts had already been made to design a steam locomotive, based upon Watt’s stationary engines. None of the attempts had been successful. 13 No engine had done such a thing before, but Stephenson considered this engine only a beginning. When he heard that there were plans to build a railway of about thirty-six miles for horse-drawn wagons to carry, both goods and passengers between Stockton and Darlington, Stephenson asked for the task of building the railway. He said that he was going to use metal instead of wooden rails, and steam-engines instead of horses. Stephenson even decided to establish his own locomotive factory in Newcastle to build locomotives for the Stockton – Darlington railway 14 Then the new railway was opened on September 27, 1825, several thousand people came to watch the ceremony. The trail consisted of six wagons loaded with coal and flour and twenty-two trucks had benches for the use of any members of the public who wished to ride. Stephenson himself drove the engine. By the time the trail reached Stockton, it was carrying more than six hundred passengers.
19 On the other hand, the Control Unit functions more like a “house master”. It decides the sequence of operations for the system. It generates and manages all control signals to streamlining the operations and flow of data within the ALU. 21 The last part of a computer system is the input/output – module. The input – module supplies data to the ALU. It can be, for example, a keyboard. The output – module on the other hand displays to the outside world the data exiting from the ALU. A familiar example is the video display unit (VDU). 26 A few words about A/N mode. 27 In text mode, it supports either a 40/25 or an 80/25 display format. Each character is format in a 8/8 character box. Characters can be black or white or displayed in colour with 8 background colours and 16 foreground colours. Multiple pages of text may also be stored in the adapted. 28 The display adapter card contains ROM character generator that provides 256 characters for displaying on the screen. In addition to the standard 96 ASCII characters, there are special characters for supporting games and text processing, plus international character and symbols, line graphics, scientific notations and Greek characters. 29 Each display character position is defined by two bytes in the adapter 16K RAM. One byte is for the display character code byte, which is the ASCII character code and the second byte is the attribute. 30 Thus, for the 80 column per 25 rows display, it’s required 4000 bytes. 32 The 320/200 medium resolution mode uses 16000 bytes of memory, organized in 4 pixels horizontally per byte. The screen is divided into two buffers, the first 8K buffer holding data for the even lines and the second hold data for the odd lines. Each pixel on the screen is defined by two bits.
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