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Anglo-Saxon law and Roman law
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What is Anglo-Saxon law? Termed from old English lagu and dom meaning “law”and “judgement”. Anglo-Saxon law is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England. Anglo-Saxon laws were made up of three components: The laws and collections promulgated by the king, Authoritative statements of customs and Primate compilations of legal rules and enactments. There are three functions of Anglo-Saxon law: executive functions, legislative functions and judiciary functions.
1) Anglo-Saxon England did not have a professional standing law enforcement body like our modern police. In general, if a crime was committed, then there was a victim and it was upto the victim, or the victim’s family, to seek justice.
2) The Anglo-Saxon king legislated back, then, sometimes with the council, but most of the time he enacted laws himself. Also, codes of laws were produced by a king at regular intervals.
3) The judiciary functions of the Anglo-Saxon legal system was mainly practiced by courts like nowadays. Once a charge had been brought, it had to be heard by a court which would decide on the matter and actions would be taken as such. The Anglo-Saxons legal system can’t be understood unless one realizes the fundamental opposition between folk right and privilege.
The basis for Roman law was the idea that the exact form, not the intention, of words or of actions produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to actions and words, but not to intentions. Roman civil law allowed great flexibility in adopting new ideas or extending legal principles in the complex environment of the empire. Without replacing older laws, the Romans developed alternative procedures that allowed greater fairness.[5]
Learn the new words
| English | Kazakh | Russian |
| judgement(n) | сот талдауы, процесс | судебное разбирательство, процесс |
| promulgate (v) | хабарлау, жариялау, жарыққа шығару, халыққа тарату | объявлять, провозглашать, опубликовывать; обнародовать |
| enactment(n) | заң, жарлық, заңнамалық акт; қаулы | закон, указ, законодательный акт; постановление |
| legislative (adj) | заңнамалық | законодательный |
| judiciary (adj) | заңдық, соттық | законный, судебный |
| law enforcement | құқықтық мәжбүрлеу; құқық қолдану; заңды қолдану | правовое принуждение; правоприменение; применение закона |
| charge (n) | айыптау | обвинение |
| consequence (n) | зардаптар | последствия |
| witness (n) | куә (сотта) | свидетель (в суде) |
| flexibility (n) | икемділік | гибкость |
| adopt | (ресми)... қабылдау | (официально) принимать (что-л.) |
| extending (adj) extend (v) | көбейетін көбейту, ұзарту, арттыру | увеличивающий увеличивать, удлинять; продлевать |
Task 2. Match the phrases on the left with correct Russian/Kazakh equivalents on the right
| 1.doctrine of stare decisis | a. судебное решение/ сот шешімі |
| 2. the matter is closed | b. прецедентное право/ прецеденттік құқық |
| 3.the parties involved | c. система кодифицированного права/кодификациялық құқық жүйесі |
| 4. judicial decisions | d.общее право/ жалпы құқық |
| 5. case law | e.суд правомочной юрисдикции/ заңды құзырет соты |
| 6. codified law system | f. вопрос закрыт/ мәселе қаралып болды |
| 7. common law | g.задействованные стороны/іске араласқан жақтар |
| 8.a court of competent jurisdiction | h. доктрина судебного прецедента/ сот прецеденті доктринасы |
Task 3. Many of the following words occur in the text. The ones on the left are related to the ones on the right. Can you make pairs?
| authoritative | enforcement |
| law | a crime |
| to commit | rules |
| to bring | statements |
| extending legal | functions |
| legislative | principles |
| written | a charge |
Date: 2016-05-16; view: 1751; Нарушение авторских прав