Food industry and its peculiarities

The food industry is a set of industries where enterprises make mainly food. Almost in each rather big settlement have enterprises of this branch. In some countries the food industry is branch of the international specialization, in others – satisfies requirements only of the population. Branch structure of the food industry is difficult. It includes the enterprises making food products, and also soap &perfumery and cosmetic products. Placement of the enterprises of branch is influenced mainly by two factors: orientation to a source of raw materials or to the consumer.

Placement of the enterprises near areas of production of raw materials is explained by that in some branches (the sugar, spirit, and canning industry) the raw materials expense much more exceeds than the mass of a ready-made product. Besides such agricultural raw materials is small transportable. Inclination of companies to the areas of consumption due to the fact that most of the food industry produce mass production, which has a limited shelf life and cannot be transported over long distances. Therefore, bakery, confectionery and pasta factories, breweries are in the areas of consumer product regardless of whether there are raw materials for them. Sugar plants are placed as it is possible closer to areas of crops of sugar beet or a reed as these raw materials don't maintain long-distance transportations. Tobacco as raw materials doesn't demand processing on a place. So, tobacco factories, for example Western Europe, use exclusively imported raw materials. Particularly large impacts on the placement of the food industry have the city because their populations are the main consumer of meat, milk, eggs and bread.

The main type of the food industry is factories, which combines integrated use of raw materials with full recycling of waste. There are sugar, tin, oil, grease and other plants. For example, in the oil and fat plant produce vegetable oil, tallow, mayonnaise, margarine, waste - soaps, detergents, drying oil, glycerin, and so on. Nothing is lost on the meat-packing plant. On the industry used even animal horns and hooves, and some animal organs are valuable raw materials in the manufacture of medicines. Great success has reached the food industry in developed countries. Among them there are those who are famous for their tradition in the production of high quality food or stand scale. "Dairy farm" of Europe calls Denmark. For production of firm cheeses Switzerland, the Netherlands, France are known. High-quality canned meat makes many developed countries of Europe and America, fish – Norway, Iceland, Spain and Portugal, vegetable – Bulgaria and Hungary. The homeland of spaghetti and pizza is Italy. Germany, wines – France and Spain is famous for the sausages and beer. Recently new branches – production of the ready to the use and frozen products, various food and flavoring additives gained development. [1]

The main purpose of the food industry is production of food. Its development allows liquidating the distinctions in supply of the population with the food connected with an unequal environment of areas. Food concentrates, canned food, the frozen vegetables and fruit don't spoil when transporting and long storage. The food industry is closely connected with agriculture. On character of the used raw materials of branch, being its part, are subdivided into two groups.

The first group includes the industry using raw materials: cereal products; Butter; sugar; tea; canning; Fish products.

The second group includes such industry using raw materials, processing of the past, as tea-packing; confectionery; baking; macaroni.

The food industry meets practically everywhere where people constantly live. It is promoted by a wide circulation of the used raw materials and universal consumption of foodstuff. Nevertheless in placement of the food industry there are certain regularities. [2]

Placing the food industry based on their specific characteristics:

v Companies, who produced perishable and non-transportable products, are placed in areas of consumption.

v An enterprise, which processed non-transportable and does not withstand prolonged storage of raw materials, are placed in the areas of production of the raw material (the enterprises canning, dairy, wine, fishing and other industries).

v In the areas of raw material bases and positioned the company with a distinct capacity of production of the raw material. These include sugar refineries, vegetable and butter products.