S ≈ 5 × 1022 × 1021 × 3 × 1017 ≈ 1,5 × 1061

Предположим, что для начала биологической эволюции требуется уникальный n -мер. Количество возможных последовательностей, состоящих из n нуклеотидов, N = 4 n ≈ 100,6 n.

Можно ожидать, что уникальный n -мер возникнет в Н-области E раз:

E = S / N = 1,5 × 1061/100,6n

и

n = log (E × 1,5 × 1061)/0,6

Подставив E = 1, получаем n ≈ 102 (нуклеотида). Заметим, что, так как величина n прямо пропорциональна логарифму S, оценка будет мало зависеть от начальных предположений о величине переменных; например, изменение S на порядок величины приведет к увеличению или уменьшению n менее чем на 2 нуклеотида.

Можно представить себе рибозим-репликазу, состоящую из приблизительно ста нуклеотидов; таким образом, в принципе спонтанное появление таковой в конечной вселенной, состоящей из единственной Н-области, нельзя исключать в нашей «игрушечной» модели (и снова, скорость синтеза РНК, принятая здесь, намеренно сильно переоценена).

Для появления примитивной системы сопряженной репликации-трансляции, что в данном контексте рассматривается как революционная стадия, требования гораздо жестче. Как минимум, необходимо спонтанное появление следующего:

• Две рРНК, с общим размером не менее 1000 нуклеотидов.

• Примерно 10 примитивных адаптеров по 30 нуклеотидов каждый, в целом около 300 нуклеотидов.

• По меньшей мере одна РНК, кодирующая репликазу, размером примерно 500 нуклеотидов (оценка снизу). В принятой модели, n = 1800, и в результате E < 10–1018.

Другими словами, даже в нашей игрушечной модели, которая предполагает сильно преувеличенную скорость синтеза РНК, вероятность случайного зарождения системы трансляция – репликация в единственной Н-области будет P < 10–1018. Очевидно, эта версия революционной стадии может рассматриваться только в контексте вселенной с бесконечным (или, по меньшей мере, очень большим) количеством Н-областей.

Модель, рассмотренная здесь, ни в коем случае не предполагалась реалистичной. Она только иллюстрирует разницу в требованиях, накладываемых на вероятность возникновения разных версий революционных систем, и следовательно, связь этой версии с разными космологическими моделями вселенной.

Таблица II-1. Новые определения и новые интерпретации известных определений в модели МММ.

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