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Active vocabulary. Ancient an unknown author
ancient an unknown author to be situated, in a high-patriotic note in a picturesque spot suburbs in the heart of in the forest-steppe zone the Central Black Soil Zone with a warm moderate-humid climate the Russian Federation the main branches of industry to be very important metal-working, machine building at the crossroads of chemical and light industries main lines and high ways an enterprise with a rich historical past a great number of joint-ventures to be connected with to be registered the history of the Russian state to have a good opportunity referring to the results of cultural outlook archaeological excavations the regional drama theatre historians the puppet theatre to assume theatre of young spectators to be founded as a fortress the picture gallery the Kiev Princedom picture pavilions in the reign of the planetarium approximately in philharmonic society on the bank of thanks to industry and diligence of to be mentioned in townsmen in the Pechyor Patericon a tribute for to be compiled by a rich thousand-year-old history the monk-chronicler living and future generations the valour of Kursk dwellers in the world-famous poem to be written by
III. Questions to the text:
1. Where is Kursk situated? 2. What role does it play in the life of our country? 3. When and where was it founded? 4. Is there any explanation to the town's name? 5. When and where was it first mentioned? 6. Where can we find the lines about the valour of Kursk dwellers? 7. What is it nowadays? 8. What is its population about? 9. What territory does it occupy? 10. What are the main branches of industry in Kursk? 11. How many enterprises are there? 12. What can you say about the educational institutions of Kursk? 13. What places of interest can you visit here? 14. Do you like your native town?
Text C: IN THE VERY HEART OF RUSSIA
Kursk is situated in the very heart of Russia. It is a big cultural and industrial regional centre in the Russian Federation. It supports a population of more than 1.2 million people. Emerged in the XI century, even earlier than Moscow, and being a frontier settlement, Kursk, for many centuries fought to repel enemy invasions. Kursk, for many centuries has been a spiritual centre for the Russian Orthodox Church. Korennaya Holy Mother hermitage is famous for the miraculous discovery of the icon “Sky-sign” in 1297. Today, this icon is the main symbol of the American Orthodox Church. Kursk is adorned with several striking historical and spiritual monuments. A masterpiece of architecture – Sergievo-Kazanskiy Cathedral is linked to one of the most respected saints in Russia, Seraphim Sarovskiy, who was born in Kursk. Not only Kursk, but also dozens of small towns composing the territory of the Kursk region, possess both signs of their majestic past and their sophisticated present. They are famous throughout Russia for their folk arts and crafts, their parks and mansions (“Marino”, “Mokva”), being the birthplaces of several Russian writers, poets and musicians. The natural environment of the Kursk region is uniquely beautiful and diverse. The famous reputation of “Streletskaya Steppe” (The Central Black Soil Region State Biospherical Reserve) is justified, since it protects wild virgin grassland and rare black soils, which have never been touched by a plough, as well as a wealth of flora and fauna native to the region. The songs of Kursk nightingales have become the symbol of the Russian soul. Text A: GREAT BRITAIN The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech "Great Britain" is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest – east, centre and south-east – is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round. The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Prime Minister is Gordon Brown.
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