Ïîëåçíîå:
Êàê ñäåëàòü ðàçãîâîð ïîëåçíûì è ïðèÿòíûì
Êàê ñäåëàòü îáúåìíóþ çâåçäó ñâîèìè ðóêàìè
Êàê ñäåëàòü òî, ÷òî äåëàòü íå õî÷åòñÿ?
Êàê ñäåëàòü ïîãðåìóøêó
Êàê ñäåëàòü òàê ÷òîáû æåíùèíû ñàìè çíàêîìèëèñü ñ âàìè
Êàê ñäåëàòü èäåþ êîììåð÷åñêîé
Êàê ñäåëàòü õîðîøóþ ðàñòÿæêó íîã?
Êàê ñäåëàòü íàø ðàçóì çäîðîâûì?
Êàê ñäåëàòü, ÷òîáû ëþäè îáìàíûâàëè ìåíüøå
Âîïðîñ 4. Êàê ñäåëàòü òàê, ÷òîáû âàñ óâàæàëè è öåíèëè?
Êàê ñäåëàòü ëó÷øå ñåáå è äðóãèì ëþäÿì
Êàê ñäåëàòü ñâèäàíèå èíòåðåñíûì?
Êàòåãîðèè:
ÀðõèòåêòóðàÀñòðîíîìèÿÁèîëîãèÿÃåîãðàôèÿÃåîëîãèÿÈíôîðìàòèêàÈñêóññòâîÈñòîðèÿÊóëèíàðèÿÊóëüòóðàÌàðêåòèíãÌàòåìàòèêàÌåäèöèíàÌåíåäæìåíòÎõðàíà òðóäàÏðàâîÏðîèçâîäñòâîÏñèõîëîãèÿÐåëèãèÿÑîöèîëîãèÿÑïîðòÒåõíèêàÔèçèêàÔèëîñîôèÿÕèìèÿÝêîëîãèÿÝêîíîìèêàÝëåêòðîíèêà
Àïïàðàòíî-ïðîãðàììíûå ñðåäñòâà êðèïòîãðàôè÷åñêîé çàùèòû èíôîðìàöèè
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Ñ.Ê. Âàðëàòàÿ, Ì.Â. Øàõàíîâà
Àïïàðàòíî-ïðîãðàììíûå ñðåäñòâà è ìåòîäû çàùèòû èíôîðìàöèè
Âëàäèâîñòîê
Ôåäåðàëüíîå àãåíòñòâî ïî îáðàçîâàíèþ
Äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé òåõíè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò (ÄÂÏÈ èì. Â.Â. Êóéáûøåâà)
Ñ.Ê. Âàðëàòàÿ, Ì.Â. Øàõàíîâà
Àïïàðàòíî-ïðîãðàììíûå ñðåäñòâà è ìåòîäû çàùèòû èíôîðìàöèè
Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûì ðåãèîíàëüíûì ó÷åáíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèì öåíòðîì â êà÷åñòâå ó÷åáíîãî ïîñîáèÿ äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ ñïåöèàëüíîñòè 090104 «Êîìïëåêñíàÿ çàùèòà îáúåêòîâ èíôîðìàöèè»
Âëàäèâîñòîê
Îäîáðåíî íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêèì ñîâåòîì ÄÂÃÒÓ
ÓÄÊ 614.2
Ïðîãðàììíî-àïïàðàòíàÿ çàùèòà èíôîðìàöèè:ó÷åá.ïîñîáèå
/Ñ.Ê. Âàðëàòàÿ, Ì.Â. Øàõàíîâà. - Âëàäèâîñòîê: Èçä-âî ÄÂÃÒÓ, 2007.
 ó÷åáíîì ïîñîáèè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî èçëàãàþòñÿ îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ àïïàðàòíî-ïðîãðàììíûõ ñðåäñòâ çàùèòû èíôîðìàöèè. Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ îñíîâíûå ïîíÿòèÿ ïðîãðàììíî-àïïàðàòíîé çàùèòû èíôîðìàöèè, èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé ÊÑ-ñóáúåêòîâ äîñòóïà ê äàííûì, ñðåäñòâà è ìåòîäû îãðàíè÷åíèÿ äîñòóïà ê ôàéëàì, àïïàðàòíî-ïðîãðàììíûå ñðåäñòâà êðèïòîãðàôè÷åñêîé çàùèòû èíôîðìàöèè, ìåòîäû è ñðåäñòâà îãðàíè÷åíèÿ äîñòóïà ê êîìïîíåíòàì ÝÂÌ, çàùèòà ïðîãðàìì îò íåñàíêöèîíèðîâàííîãî êîïèðîâàíèÿ, óïðàâëåíèå êðèïòîãðàôè÷åñêèìè êëþ÷àìè, çàùèòà ïðîãðàììíûõ ñðåäñòâ îò èññëåäîâàíèÿ.
Ïîñîáèå ïðåäíàçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ ñïåöèàëüíîñòè 090104 «Êîìïëåêñíàÿ çàùèòà îáúåêòîâ èíôîðìàöèè» äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ äèñöèïëèíû «Ïðîãðàììíî-àïïàðàòíàÿ çàùèòà èíôîðìàöèè».
Ðåöåíçåíòû: ÌÃÓ Êàô. ÀÈÑ ê.ò.í. ïðîô. Ãëóøêîâ Ñ.Â., çàâ. Êàôåäðîé èíôîðìàöèîííîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ÄÂÃÓ ä.ô-ì.í. Ï.Í. Êîðíþøèí
ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ
ÂÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ........................................................................................................................................... 6
1. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈß ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÍÎ-ÀÏÏÀÐÀÒÍÎÉ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ............................. 8
1.1 ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒ È ÇÀÄÀ×È ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÍÎ-ÀÏÏÀÐÀÒÍÎÉ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ...................................................... 8
1.2 ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈß...................................................................................................................... 14
1.3 ÓßÇÂÈÌÎÑÒÜ ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ............................................................................................... 19
1.4 ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ ÁÅÇÎÏÀÑÍÎÑÒÈ Â ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀÕ. ÎÖÅÍÊÀ ÇÀÙÈÙÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ.................................... 25
1.5 ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÛ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ...................................................................................................................... 38
1.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ................................................................................................................. 54
2. ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÒÅËÅÉ ÊÑ-ÑÓÁÚÅÊÒÎÂ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÄÀÍÍÛÌ............................... 55
2.1. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈß È ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈÈ................................................................................................... 55
2.2. ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß È ÀÓÒÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÒÅËß.......................................................................... 56
2.3. ÂÇÀÈÌÍÀß ÏÐÎÂÅÐÊÀ ÏÎÄËÈÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÒÅËÅÉ......................................................................... 65
2.4. ÏÐÎÒÎÊÎËÛ ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ Ñ ÍÓËÅÂÎÉ ÏÅÐÅÄÀ×ÅÉ ÇÍÀÍÈÉ............................................................... 69
2.5 ÑÕÅÌÀ ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ ÃÈËËÎÓ-ÊÓÈÑÊÓÎÒÅÐÀ................................................................................... 75
2.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ................................................................................................................. 76
3. ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ È ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÎÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈß ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÔÀÉËÀÌ....................................................... 78
3.1 ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ Â ÊÑ ÎÒ ÍÅÑÀÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ........................................................ 78
3.2. ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÐÀÇÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈß ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ Â ÊÑ..................................................................... 79
3.3. ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖÈß ÏÎÑÒÐÎÅÍÈß ÑÈÑÒÅÌ ÐÀÇÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈß ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ................................................................. 83
3.4. ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÐÅÑÓÐÑÀÌ ÊÑ............................................................................................ 86
3.5 ÎÁÅÑÏÅ×ÅÍÈÅ ÖÅËÎÑÒÍÎÑÒÈ È ÄÎÑÒÓÏÍÎÑÒÈ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ Â ÊÑ.......................................................... 92
3.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ................................................................................................................. 97
ÀÏÏÀÐÀÒÍÎ-ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÍÛÅ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ ÊÐÈÏÒÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ
4.1 ÏÎËÍÎÑÒÜÞ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÈÐÓÅÌÛÅ ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ................................................................... 99
4.2. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ È ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÎÒ ÍÅÑÀÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ................................ 105
4.3. ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ ÎÒ ÍÅÑÀÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ............................................... 115
4.4. ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑ ÊÐÈÏÒÎÍ-ÇÀÌÎÊ ÄËß ÎÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈß ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÓ.......................................... 120
4.5 ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÄÀÍÍÛÕ CRYPTON SIGMA....................................................................................... 126
4.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ............................................................................................................... 131
5. ÌÅÒÎÄÛ È ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂÀ ÎÃÐÀÍÈ×ÅÍÈß ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÊÎÌÏÎÍÅÍÒÀÌ ÝÂÌ.................................. 132
5.1 ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ Â ÏÝÂÌ...................................................................................................... 132
5.2 ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ, ÎÁÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÅÌÎÉ ÏÝÂÌ È ËÂÑ, ÎÒ ÓÒÅ×ÊÈ ÏÎ ÑÅÒÈ ÝËÅÊÒÐÎÏÈÒÀÍÈß................ 134
5.3 ÂÈÄÛ ÌÅÐÎÏÐÈßÒÈÉ ÏÎ ÇÀÙÈÒÅ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ.................................................................................. 135
5.4 ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÅ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÏÝÂÌ ÎÒ ÍÅÑÀÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÀ Ê ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ............... 139
5.5 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ............................................................................................................... 144
6. ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌ ÎÒ ÍÅÑÀÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÊÎÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß....................................... 145
6.1 ÌÅÒÎÄÛ, ÇÀÒÐÓÄÍßÞÙÈÅ Ñ×ÈÒÛÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÊÎÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÉ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ................................................. 149
6.2 ÌÅÒÎÄÛ, ÏÐÅÏßÒÑÒÂÓÞÙÈÅ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÞ ÑÊÎÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÍÎÉ ÈÍÔÎÐÌÀÖÈÈ....................................... 151
6.3 ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÎÒ ÊÎÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß.................................................................... 153
6.4 ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÎÒ ÊÎÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß................................................................................. 155
6.5 ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß ÄÈÍÀÌÈ×ÅÑÊÈÌ ÑÏÎÑÎÁÀÌ ÑÍßÒÈß ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌ ÎÒ ÊÎÏÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß.. 158
6.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ............................................................................................................... 160
7. ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÊÐÈÏÒÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÌÈ ÊËÞ×ÀÌÈ..................................................................... 162
7.1 ÃÅÍÅÐÀÖÈß ÊËÞ×ÅÉ...................................................................................................................... 162
7.2 ÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÉ....................................................................................................................... 164
7.3 ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÊËÞ×ÅÉ.............................................................................................................. 171
7.4 ÏÐÎÒÎÊÎË ÀÓÒÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ È ÐÀÑÏÐÅÄÅËÅÍÈß ÊËÞ×ÅÉ ÄËß ÑÈÌÌÅÒÐÈ×ÍÛÕ ÊÐÈÏÒÎÑÈÑÒÅÌ.................. 174
7.5 ÏÐÎÒÎÊÎË ÄËß ÀÑÈÌÌÅÒÐÈ×ÍÛÕ ÊÐÈÏÒÎÑÈÑÒÅÌ Ñ ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅÌ ÑÅÐÒÈÔÈÊÀÒΠÎÒÊÐÛÒÛÕ ÊËÞ×ÅÉ
7.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ............................................................................................................... 185
8. ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÍÛÕ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ ÎÒ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß........................................................... 186
8.1 ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌ........................................................................ 189
8.2 ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌ ÎÒ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß................................................................................ 191
8.3 ÎÁÙÀß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ È ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÕ ÂÈÐÓÑÎÂ................................................. 195
8.4 ÎÁÙÀß ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÑÐÅÄÑÒÂ ÍÅÉÒÐÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÕ ÂÈÐÓÑÎÂ....................................... 201
8.5 ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÌÅÒÎÄÎÂ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÎÒ ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÕ ÂÈÐÓÑÎÂ......................................................... 203
8.6 ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ............................................................................................................... 209
ÇÀÊËÞ×ÅÍÈÅ................................................................................................................................... 210
9. ÐÀÁÎ×Àß Ó×ÅÁÍÀß ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÀ................................................................................................ 211
9.1 ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÎÍÍÎ-ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÐÀÇÄÅË....................................................................................... 211
9.2 ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÄÈÑÖÈÏËÈÍÛ............................................................................................................ 212
9.3 Ó×ÅÁÍÎ-ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÎÁÅÑÏÅ×ÅÍÈÅ ÄÈÑÖÈÏËÈÍÛ......................................................................... 217
10. ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß Ê ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÛÌ È ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÌ ÐÀÁÎÒÀÌ....................... 220
ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÀß ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ¹ 1.............................................................................................................. 220
ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÀß ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ¹ 2.............................................................................................................. 223
ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÀß ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ¹ 3.............................................................................................................. 234
ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÀß ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ¹ 4.............................................................................................................. 238
ËÀÁÎÐÀÒÎÐÍÀß ÐÀÁÎÒÀ ¹ 5.............................................................................................................. 283
ÏÐÀÊÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÐÀÁÎÒÛ...................................................................................................................... 286
11. ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÎ-ÈÇÌÅÐÈÒÅËÜÍÛÅ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ......................................................................... 290
ÑÏÈÑÎÊ ËÈÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÛ..................................................................................................................... 317
Date: 2015-06-06; view: 1169; Íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ