II семестр

К сессии II семестра необходимо:

I. Письменно перевести тексты. Выписать незнакомые слова в словарь. Уметь читать и переводить тексты устно со словарём.

Cultural institutions of Perm

Perm is a large cultural centre of the Western Urals. The population of Perm enjoy rich cultural life of the city. A lot of people are theatre -goers. The number and the variety of theaters cater all tastes. There is a country famous Perm Opera house which is the oldest in the city. The repertoire includes the world musical classics as well as modern operas and ballets.

The Perm drama theatre occupies a beautiful modern building. It was constructed in 1982 after the design of the Moscow architects Davidenko and Lutikova. The hall can accommodate 1007 spectators. The Perm Drama theatre started its activity at the beginning of the 30-s. At first it was an amateur theatre of working youth. The repertoir of the theatre is diverse to attract the Perm public of different ages. Among the plays are the masterpieces of Russian drama, of foreign classics as well as modern playwrights. Nowadays some musicals appeared in its repertoire. The theater’s artistic director is Milgram, who tries to bring some new tendencies in the theatre’s development.

The city has 2 theatres for children: the puppet show for the small ones and the theatre for young spectators for the Perm teenagers. Some new theatres have appeared in Perm lately. They are the theatre of modern ballet “Experiment” and a young municipal theatre “At the Bridge”. The artistic level of its productions is very high. The theatre company had a lot of tours in our country and abroad.

The Perm Art Gallery has a unique collection of Russian old icon painting as well as of Komy Wooden sculpture of Perm Gods.

The Perm museum of local lore was founded in 1890 by some famous Perm scientists. It shows the exhibits telling about the life of our famous countrymen and the most important periods of life of the Perm lands.

The Perm Philarmonic society has a lot of music groups which give concerts in the Perm region as well as in many cities of our country. The magician Danilin, the Perm chamber choir under the conductor Novik, the Perm “Quantus quartet”, folk instruments group “Karavai” give a good variety of genres for Perm spectators.

Perm has a lot of educational institutions to train specialists for the sphere of culture. Among them are the Perm State Institute for Arts and Culture founded in 1975, a lot of music schools, the professional art college, several art studios and a lot of hobby groups at the palaces of culture. A lot of other cultural institutions: cinemas, libraries, exhibition halls, parks of rest and culture give the Perm citizens a lot of opportunities to rest in different ways and to choose their favourite ones.

English theatre

The United Kingdom has great theatre traditions. Theatre was introduced to the UK from Europe by the Romans and auditoriums were constructed across the country for this purpose.

By the medieval period theatre had developed with the mummers’ plays, a form of early street theatre associated with the Morris dance, concentrating on themes such as Saint George and the Dragon and Robin Hood. There were folk tales retelling old stories, and the actors traveled from town to town performing these for their audiences in return for money and hospitality.

The medieval mystery plays and morality plays, which dealt with Christian themes, were performed at religious festivals.

The reign of Elizabeth I in the late 16th and early 17th century saw a flowering of the drama and all the arts. The most famous playwright in the world, William Shakespeare, wrote around 40 plays that are still performed in theatres across the world to this day.

The Elizabethan age is sometimes nicknamed ‘the age of Shakespeare’ for the amount of influence he held over the era. Other important Elizabethan and 17th-century playwrights include Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe, and John Webster.

The 18th century is known for its sentimental comedies, domestic tragedies and an overwhelming interest in Italian opera. Popular entertainment became more important in this period than ever before, with fair-booth burlesque forms that are the ancestors of the English Music Hall. These forms flourished at the expense of English drama, which went into a long period of decline.

A change came in the late 19th century with the plays on the London stage by the Irishmen George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde and the Norwegian Henrik Ibsen, all of whom influenced domestic English drama and vitalised it again.

Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw (1856—1951) born in Dublin, acquired from his mother his early knowledge of music, especially opera, and painting. He was also well-read in Shakespeare, Bunyan, Shelly, Byron and Dickens. He started writing plays when he was about forty. His first plays aroused the interest of a very small enthusiastic audience and the censor, who banned his third play, “Mrs. Warren's Profession” (1892). In 1898, unwilling to accept the general neglect of his work, Shaw published two volumes of his plays, “Plays Pleasant and Unpleasant”, and these, together with the success of “The Devil's Disciple in America” and his marriage to an heiress, proved the turning point in his personal and economic fortunes.

During the sixty years of his life as a playwright he wrote a world of plays, among which the most famous are “Pygmalion” (or “My Fair Lady”), “Caesar and Cleopatra”, “Heartbreak House”, “The Millionairess”.

Charlie Chaplin

Charles Spencer (1889—1977) is an English film actor and director. He made his reputation as a tramp with a smudge moustache, bowler hat, and twirling cane in silent comedies from the mid-1910-s, including “The Rink”, “The Kid”, and “The Gold Rush”. His later films combine dialogue with mime and music, as in “The Great Dictator”, and “Limelight”.

Marylin Monroe

The stage name of Norma Jean Mortenson or Baker (1926-1962) is Marylin Monroe. This US film actress, the voluptuous blonde, sex symbol of the 1950s, made adroit comedies such as “Gentlemen Prefer Blondes”, “How to Marry a Millionaire”, “Some Like it Hot” and many others. She often costarred with Clark Gable and Laurence Olivier. Among her friends were such high ranking people as the Kennedy brothers. Her third husband was the famous playwright Arthur Miller. In 1962 she committed suicide.

Ingrid Bergman

Ingrid Bergman is a Swedish-born actress (1915-1982) who went to Hollywood to appear in David Selznick's Intermezzo in 1939 and later appeared in “Casablanca”, “For Whom the Bell Tolls” and “Gaslight” (Academy Award). She projected a combination of radiance, refined beauty, and fortitude. For her role in the film “Murder in the Oriental Express” she was given Academy Award.

Margot Fonteyn

Margot Fonteyn is the stage name of Peggy Margaret Hookham (1919— 1991), a famous English ballet dancer. She made her debut with the Vic-Wells Ballet in “Nutcracker” in 1934 and first appeared as Giselle in 1937, eventually becoming prima ballerina of the Royal Ballet, London. Renowned for her perfect physique, clear line, musicality, and interpretive powers, she created many roles in Frederick Ashton's ballets and formed a legendary partnership with Rudolf Nureyev.

The director of a company

1. The director of a company is responsible for the choice and production of the plays; he plans the action and effect of a play, and instructs the actors, actresses and technicians. 2. This season the the­atre showed only one new English play, while a year ago it presented three such productions. 3. The art of the stage designer, responsible for the decoration of the stage, helps the audience to understand the production better. 4. Few British theatrical companies have their own play-houses specially built for them. 5. When a play has been chosen for production, the director casts the play, that is chooses actors for the parts in it or distributes the parts. After that he rehearses the cast, that is trains the actors in what they are to do. 6. In order to cast a play the director usually arranges auditions, or hearings to test the voice, etc. of each actor. 7. Last season this company staged Shakespeare's "King Lear", and now they are putting on "Hamlet." 8. The theatre manager is responsible for the work of the theatre in all respects. 9. Each play at this theatre runs (that is 'is shown' or 'is on') only three weeks, after which another play is put on. If a play runs for a long time, we may say that it has a long run; if it runs three monts, for instance, we may say that it has a run of three months.

Street Festival

1. There's a long tradition of street performers in many countries, medieval times, dancers, singers, musicians and actors traveled around, performing at markets, fairs and festivals, wherever there was a crowd to watch them. The tradition is still alive, in many different forms.

2. In some countries, such as France, there are festivals every year, were performers entertain the crowds. These festivals still have the spiritof the medieval fairs. In Germany there's a different kind of festival; it's called "street theatre". Groups of actors and entertainers come from different countries to perform in the open air. Then there's the carnival, which in some ways is very different. The most exciting carnivals are the ones in South America and the West Indies, where people dress in fantastic, brightly coloured costumes and dance to music in the streets. Here, we look at the three different kinds of festi­val: the "saltimbanque" in France, the festival of street theatre in Germany, and the West Indian Carnival that takes place in Britain every year.

3. The town of Aix-en-Provence, in France, has a festival called the "saltimbanque" each year. The festival goes on for three or four days: everybody stops working (except the people who work in bars and cafes) and people come out on the streets and watch the perfor­mers. Everyone dresses up: ordinary people wear costumes of animals, fairies and monsters, or they just wear something strange and unu­sual. Children love the festival. Often, the street players paint the child­ren's faces for them. Many groups of actors and musicians entertain the crowds; there are mime shows, street bands, storytellers and short plays. There are lots of individual performers who thrill the people watching. There are fire eaters and tightrope walkers. In the evening, there are many musicians playing music from different countries. People dance and sing to the bands in the streets.

4. In Hamburg, West Germany, there's a different kind of festival. It's the International Street Festival. The festival is relatively new, but already many performers from Europe take part in it. There are performances in the underground; often the people on the platforms don't know what is happening when the performers start their act. The traditional figures from the fair and the circus are at the festival. Dancers perform German square dancing (with the dancers facing inwards from four sides)¹ to the music of bands. But there are also more modern performers who mix with the crowds, surprising people with their strange actions and their odd appearance. Jazz musicians play on a floating platform on the lake. You can see many different kinds of play. The idea of many artists is to show the history of street theatre and to bring back street theatre for audiences today. So you can see actors lead the audience to the main stage on stilts, or put on a play written in the time of the "comedia dell'arte", or something else original.

5. In London, there's a West Indian Carnival every year. People who originally came from the West Indies keep the tradition of the carnival alive. Street bands play on the platforms of lorries driving through the streets. In front of them, groups of dancers, wearing bright costumes, dance to music. The crowds join in with the dancers. You can buy all kinds of West Indian food everywhere in the streets. But there are still racial problems at the carnival; there are fights and people are often arrested by the police. In spite of this, many feel that it's important to have the carnival every year — because it is part of West Indian culture, and because at carnival time all should be able to enjoy themselves.

1. square dances старинные нар. танцы, разновидность кадрили

May Spring Festivals

How is May Day celebrated in Britain?

1. May Day in Britain. May Day is not a public holiday in Britain, but working people celebrate this day. Workers march through the streets and hold meetings to voice their own demands and the demands of other progressive forces of the country. The issues involved may include demands for higher wages and better working conditions, pro­tests against rising unemployment, demands for a change in the Go­vernment's policy, etc.

What kind of dancing was often part of the May Spring Festival in ancient times? Whom did the celebrating people usually represent during the festival?

2. May Spring Festival. The 1st of May has also retained, to some extent, its old significance — that of a pagan spring festival. In ancient times it used to be celebrated with garlands of flowers, dancing and games on the village green¹. A. Maypole was erected — a tall pole wreathed with flowers, to which in later times ribbons were attached and held by the dancers. The girls put on their best summer frocks, plaited flowers in their hair and round their waists and eagerly awaited the crowning of the May Queen. The most beautiful girl was crowned with a garland of flowers. After this great event there was dancing, often Morris dancing, with the dancers dressed in fancy costumes, usually representing characters in the Robin Hood legend (Robin Hood, Little John, Maid Marian — a boy disguised as a girl, Friar Tuck). May-Day games and sports were followed by refreshments in the open.

Is the May Spring Festival celebrated nowadays?

3. This festival was disliked by the Puritans — radical members of the Church of England in the 16th-17th centuries, and suppressed during the Parliamentary republic of 1649-53. After the Restoration the festival was revived but has gradually almost died out. However, the Queen of May is still chosen in most counties, and in many villages school Maypoles are erected, as well as other elements of the festival still survive with people in different parts of the country.

What is the largest May Festival in Britain, when does it take place and how long is its history?

4. Merry England and London Queen Festival. Visitors from many parts of the world are usually among the thousands of people gather­ing on the Common² at Hayes, near Bromley, Kent to witness the Crowning of London's May Queen. It is the largest May Queen Festival in Britain and over a thousand children take part. The date is the second Saturday in May. The actual crowning takes place at about 3 p.m. As many as 40 May Queens from different parts of the country are present and with their attendants present a colourful spectacle. The festival has been held since 1880.

What is the origin of the Morris dance?

5. Morns Dancing. While many of the British old customs have faded away, that of Morris dancing has achieved a remarkable revi­val in the 20th century, and new groups of Morris dancers are appear­ing every year. The Morris, a rustic merry-making, was common in England in the 14th century, and may have been introduced by Eleanor of Castile, wife of King Edward I (1272-1307). It was a popular feature of village festivals, especially as part of the May Games, often includ­ing solo characters such as dancer with a hobbyhorse or the Maid Marian and accompanied by the pipe and tabor — a combination of two instru­ments played by one man, with the pipe as a small recorder being held in the right hand, while the left hand beating the tabor, a small drum suspended from the player's shoulder or waist. Opinion is divided as to the origin of this dance, but a most widespread popular belief is that it is derived from a Moorish dance (in Spain) called 'moresca'.

II. Уметь беседовать по темам:

1. Мой любимый актер.

2. Мой любимый режиссер.

3. Учреждения культы Перми.

4. Праздники и фестивали.

5. Моя специальность – режиссер массовых представлений.

III. Знать 40 неправильных глаголов

IV. Подготовить темы к экзамену:

1. Моя семья.

2. Рецензии на фильмы.

3. Мой визит в кино.

4. Мой визит в театр.

5. Мой любимый актер.

6. Мой любимый режиссер.

7. Учреждения культуры Перми.

8. Праздники и фестивали.

9. Моя специальность.

Требования к экзамену:

I. Письменный перевод текста со словарём (1200 знаков за 45 минут)

II. Устный экзамен:

1. Беседа по теме:

1. Моя семья.

2. Рецензии на фильмы.

3. Мой визит в кино.

4. Мой визит в театр.

5. Мой любимый актер.

6. Мой любимый режиссер.

7. Учреждения культуры Перми.

8. Праздники и фестивали.

9. Моя специальность.

2. 40 неправильных глаголов

3. Чтение профессионально-ориентированного текста и пересказ его на русском языке.

Литература

1. Бурова, З. И. Учебник английского языка для гуманитарных специальностей вузов / З. И. Бурова. – Москва: Айрис-пресс, 2006.

2. Либерман, Н. И. Английский язык: для вузов искусств / Н. И. Либерман. – Москва: Высшая школа, 1989.

3. Любимцева, С. Н. Деловой английский: учебник / С. Н. Любимцева, Б. М.Тарковская, Л. Г. Памухина. – Москва: «ГИС», 1998.

4. Тексты о Перми (из методических рекомендаций): Учреждения культуры Перми

5. Шевелёва, С. А. Английский для гуманитариев: учеб. пособие для вузов / С. А. Шевелёва. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – Москва: ЮНИТИ-ДАНА, 2009. – 397 с.

6. Янушкова, Т. П. Английский язык для студентов институтов культуры. – Ч. 1 / Т. П. Янушкова. – Минск: Высшая школа, 1988.

7. Янушкова, Т. П. Английский язык для студентов институтов культуры». – Ч. 2 / Т. П. Янушкова. – Минск: Высшая школа, 1988.

Учебное издание