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Word-building
| Suffixes and prefixes | Formation and meaning | Examples |
| -ment,-er(-or),-tion, -ssion,-sion,-ence, -ance,-ing | Formation of the nouns from the verbs | Development, discussion, driver, difference, translation, teacher, reading |
| -teen,-ty | Formation of cardinal numerals | Sixty, eighteen |
| -ive,-al,-ian,-less, -ful,-ic,-y | Formation of the adjectives from the nouns | Effective, woody, official, hopeless, Indian, atomic, beautiful, sandy |
| -ty,-ity,-ness | Formation of the nouns from the adjectives | Safety, happiness, possibility |
| -ship,-ture | Formation of the nouns | Friendship, adventure, mixture |
| -ize | Formation of the verbs from the adjectives | Localize, collectivize, nationalize |
| -ous | Formation of the adjectives | Conscious, various, numerous |
| -iable,-able, -ent,-ant | Formation of the adjectives from the verbs | Measurable, readable, countable, different, resistant |
| -ly | Formation of the adverbs from the adjectives | Properly, naturally, kindly |
| mis-,dis- | These prefixes have the meaning, opposite to the stem | To misunderstand, misfortune, to dislike, to discover |
| over-,under- | The prefix –over means “пере-, сверх”; the prefix –under means “недо-” | To overcome, to underpay, to overwork, to underfeed |
| re- | Prefix of the verbs –re means the recurrence of the actions | To redone, to remake, to rewrite |
1. Form the nouns from the following verbs with the help of the suffixes:
to work, to develop, to agree, to read, to write, to translate, to dictate, to farm, to plant, to buy, to interpret, to differ, to teach, to drive, to collect, to seed, to learn, to discuss, to examine, to contain, to indicate.
2. Name the suffixes in the following words, define the part of speech:
central, personally, experiment, friendship, chemist, document, question, production, conference, practical, computer, early, vacant, attractive, wonderful, student, painter, richly.
3. Group the following words dividing them into: a) nouns, b) adjectives, c) adverbs, d) numerals:
local, writer, clearly, fifth, condition, principal, client, conversation, sensitive, eighteen, fully, comprehensive, conversion, social, porter, session, regional, tractor, cultivation, easily, formally, assistant, speaker, closely.
4. Form the antonyms of the following words, using suffixes:
usual, known, natural, adequate, thinkable, possible, dependence, different, happy, mortal, pretty, well, regular, practical, legal, definite, rational, logical.
5. Form the words, opposite to the meaning, using:
a) prefix dis-
able, comfortable, to connect, to cover, to continue, to like, to place, to please.
b) prefix mis-
to believe, to understand, information, to lead, to manage, to place, to use, to spell.
c) translate the words into Russian.
6. Group the words into synonymous pairs:
various, to start, earth, to return, globe, wood, different, to begin, to produce, major, to name, kind, to come back, to call, to manufacture, forest, chief, species.
7. Group the words into antonymous pairs:
to disappear, to die, without, to break, inside, simple, to stop, decomposer, to live, to decrease, to appear, with, complex, to move, long, outside, composer, to build, to increase, short.
Types of sentences: personal, indefinite personal and impersonal
1. Write it is (it’s) or is it:
1. What time is it?
2. We must go now. …… very late.
3. … … true that Bill can fly a helicopter?
4. “What day … … today? Tuesday?” “No, … … Wednesday.”
5. … … ten kilometers from the airport to the city centre.
6. … … possible to phone you at your office?
7. “Do you want to walk to the hotel?” “I don’t know. How far … …?”
8. … … Lisa’s birthday today. She’s 27.
9. I don’t believe it! … … impossible.
2. Write questions with How far …?
1. (here/the station) How far is it from here to the station?
2. (the hotel/the beach) How …………………………………………..
3. (New York/Washington) …………………………………………….
4. (your house/the airport) ………………………………………………
3. Complete the sentences. Choose from words and phrase below:
easy, dangerous, difficult, work in this office, get up early,
it’s nice, impossible, interesting to visit different places, go out alone
see you again, make friends
1. If you go to bed late, it’s difficult to get up early in the morning.
2. Hell, Jane ………………………... There is too much noise.
3.. ………………………. There is too much noise.
4. Everybody is very nice at work. …………………………………..
4. I like traveling. ……………………………………..
5. Some cities are not safe. …………………………….. at night.
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