Text B. WALLS

A very important part of any structure is a wall. Walls may be constructed in different forms. The walls include windows and doors, heads and sills, stanchion* casings and inner lining panels. The doors and windows provide for controlled passage of environmental factors and people through the wall line. The aluminum heads, sills and windows are fixed from inside the building. After this, the 900 mm and 1.800 mm wide exterior doors are installed. These doors are aluminum framed and pre-glazed or hardwood framed and glazing is done on site. All walls are also designed to provide resistance to passage of fire for some defined period of time, such as a one-hour wall. The function of resisting fire fulfills stanchions. The stanchions are enclosed in casings.

That's why any engineer must know all methods of constructing walls for buildings. Of cause walls are made of various materials to serve several functions. The wails are divided into interior and exterior walls. The exterior walls protect the building interior from external environmental effects such as heat and cold, sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, rain, sound, while containing desirable interior environmental conditions. The exterior walls arc made up of brick cladding, wall planks. The wall planks are designed to be weatherproof and to support the outer cladding. The wall planks and floor units are fixed only while the steel frame is being erected. The concrete floor units are capable of carrying a load of up to 5 kN/ sq m**. Finally, the internal' sills and lining panels are installed. The lining panels are capable of being removed to give access to the services. The lining panels and the internal sills are cavity for heating and electrical services.

* – stanchion – опора, стойка, колонна

** – kN/sq m – кН/кв. м

Exercise 11. Translate the words:

решетка, мачта, центральный ствол со стояками инженерных сетей, башнеподобная конструкция, прикреплять, верхняя часть, доставлять, уровень, зона, кабель, стрела (крана).

Exercise 12. Note in the texts of this unit:

a. Passive Voice

b. Noun-groups

c. Modal verbs

d. ed-forms