Exercise 9. Translate from English into Russian. Define the syntax functions of the underlined words

1. An arcuated structure, the one built up of arches, acts structurally on a flat plane.

2. Lateral forces can be resisted by substantial buttresses along the walls or by thickening the wall.

3. An example of a barrel vault raised to great height is the nave of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, France.

4. A solution devised earlier by the Romans was to run additional barrel vaults at right angles to the main vault so that they intersected, resulting in a groin vault.

5. The wall of the drum below, also 21 feet (6.4 meters) thick, supporting the five thousand tons of the dome, is hollowed out by niches 14 feet (4.3 meters) deep.

6. The greatest weight had to be carried, to pumice in the part of the dome nearest the oculus.

7. A solution devised earlier by the Romans was to run additional barrel vaults resulting in a groin vault.

Exercise 10. Translate the words:

жесткий, опора, расположение, купол, свод-оболочка, заполнитель, известняк, цемент, связующий, свод.

Exercise 11. Note in the texts of this unit:

a. Noun groups

b. Modal Verbs

c. Passive Voice

d. ed-forms

e. ing-forms

f. s-forms

UNIT 6

Exercise 1.Translate the auxiliary words:

for, too, since, wherever, whenever, whatever, as, both…and, once, by, A.D., B.C., below, over, just, while, across, from one end to the other.

Exercise 2. Words to be remembered:

sidewalk (pavement – Br.) – тротуар

mortar – строительный раствор

sand – песок

gravel – гравий

mix – смешивать

contain – содержать

occur – происходить

form (v., n..) – формировать, форма

mold – образец

cure – отвердевать

dry – высушивать

curve (v., n.) – искривлять, кривизна

evocative – вызывающий воспоминания

formwork (shuttering) – опалубка

adjacent – смежный, прилегающий

enclose – охватывать

triangle – треугольник

pendentive – парус свода

transition – переход

cut (v., n.) – резать, срез

extend – расширять