Ïîëåçíîå:
Êàê ñäåëàòü ðàçãîâîð ïîëåçíûì è ïðèÿòíûì
Êàê ñäåëàòü îáúåìíóþ çâåçäó ñâîèìè ðóêàìè
Êàê ñäåëàòü òî, ÷òî äåëàòü íå õî÷åòñÿ?
Êàê ñäåëàòü ïîãðåìóøêó
Êàê ñäåëàòü òàê ÷òîáû æåíùèíû ñàìè çíàêîìèëèñü ñ âàìè
Êàê ñäåëàòü èäåþ êîììåð÷åñêîé
Êàê ñäåëàòü õîðîøóþ ðàñòÿæêó íîã?
Êàê ñäåëàòü íàø ðàçóì çäîðîâûì?
Êàê ñäåëàòü, ÷òîáû ëþäè îáìàíûâàëè ìåíüøå
Âîïðîñ 4. Êàê ñäåëàòü òàê, ÷òîáû âàñ óâàæàëè è öåíèëè?
Êàê ñäåëàòü ëó÷øå ñåáå è äðóãèì ëþäÿì
Êàê ñäåëàòü ñâèäàíèå èíòåðåñíûì?
Êàòåãîðèè:
ÀðõèòåêòóðàÀñòðîíîìèÿÁèîëîãèÿÃåîãðàôèÿÃåîëîãèÿÈíôîðìàòèêàÈñêóññòâîÈñòîðèÿÊóëèíàðèÿÊóëüòóðàÌàðêåòèíãÌàòåìàòèêàÌåäèöèíàÌåíåäæìåíòÎõðàíà òðóäàÏðàâîÏðîèçâîäñòâîÏñèõîëîãèÿÐåëèãèÿÑîöèîëîãèÿÑïîðòÒåõíèêàÔèçèêàÔèëîñîôèÿÕèìèÿÝêîëîãèÿÝêîíîìèêàÝëåêòðîíèêà
²§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ñ
§ §Ü§à§ß§è§å §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §®§å§ç§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ä§Ö§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ö§ã§î §¡§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý§å§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó — §¡§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ§ä. §£ 30-§ç §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§ç VII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý §å§ã§á§Ö§ç §Ó §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ö §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú: §£§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §á§Ö§â§ã§Ú§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §³§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Õ§à§Ó. §£ 639 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §á§à§ç§à§Õ §Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§à§Ó §Ó §¦§Ô§Ú§á§Ö§ä, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ó§à§ð§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §Ù§ñ§ä§ñ §®§å§ç§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ñ §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ §¡§Ý§Ú §Ó 661 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ä§â§à§ß §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ñ §°§Þ§Ö§Û§ñ§Õ§à§Ó §Ú §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ñ §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ó §¥§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§ã§Ü. §£ §ç§à§Õ§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §³§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §Ú §¢§Ý§Ú§Ø§ß§Ö§Þ §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ö, §á§à§Ù§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö — §Ó §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Ô§à §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ñ, §À§Ô§à-§£§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §¡§Ù§Ú§Ú, §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú. §£ 711 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§í §Ó§ä§à§â§Ô§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ §±§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý§å§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §á§â§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ó§Ö§â §à§ß§Ú §Ó 732 §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§à§ä§Ö§â§á§Ö§Ý§Ú §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Õ §±§å§Ñ§ä§î§Ö §Ú §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ó§à§× §á§â§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ô§Ý§å§Ò§î §¦§Ó§â§à§á§í.
§£ VIII—IX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö §Ó §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ý§à §Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö — §ã§å§æ§Ú§Ù§Þ.
§£ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö IX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§í §Ó§ä§à§â§Ô§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó §³§Ú§è§Ú§Ý§Ú§ð §Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ö§Û, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §Ó §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö XI §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ô§ß§Ñ§ß§í §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
§ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§å X §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §à§ä §¡§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §à§ä§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ý§Ú§ã§î §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §±§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý§å§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó §Ú §Ó§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §à§ä §ª§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Õ§à§ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú[15].
§´§ñ§Ø§×§Ý§í§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§í§á§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§ð §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ó XIII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §Þ§à§ß§Ô§à§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ, §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ñ§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§å§ã§å§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§ß§Ö§è §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §¡§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ç§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ñ§ä§Ñ. §¯§à §Þ§à§ß§Ô§à§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §å§Ø§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö XIII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ, §Ñ §Ó XIV §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö §Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ñ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.
§£ XV §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö §â§Ö§Ü§à§ß§Ü§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ü §á§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§å§ã§å§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §ß§Ñ §±§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§å§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó§Ö, §ß§à §Ó §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §°§ã§Þ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Þ§á§Ö§â§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Õ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §â§Ñ§ã§è§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ó XVI—XVII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ç §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §®§Ñ§Ý§å§ð §¡§Ù§Ú§ð (§¡§ß§Ñ§ä§à§Ý§Ú§ð), §¢§Ý§Ú§Ø§ß§Ú§Û §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü, §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ð §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§å, §¢§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý§å§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ó §Ú §á§â§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ü §ß§Ö§Þ§å §ã §ã§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§Ñ §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ú §¦§Ó§â§à§á§í[16].
§ §Ü§à§ß§è§å XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ó §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ö §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Õ§Ó§Ö §ä§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú — §Ü§à§ß§ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§â§ß§Ú§ã§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ. §§à§ß§ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ñ§ä§à§â§í §á§â§Ú§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ §Ü §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð, §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §Ò§å§Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§à§Ó §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §®§å§ç§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö§Õ§à§Þ §ä§Ö§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú. §®§à§Õ§Ö§â§ß§Ú§ã§ä§í §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ñ §Ü §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ§Þ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ[17].
§ §Ü§à§ß§è§å XIX §Ó. §á§à§é§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö §Þ§å§ã§å§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§í §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó §Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ú §Ö§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §à§ä §ß§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¢§à§â§î§Ò§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §Ü§à§Ý§à§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ü §ß§Ö§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ñ, §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ý §á§à§é§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§ã§î §·§· §Ó§Ö§Ü. §£§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ (§Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ù§Þ). §°§ß §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ú§Ý §ã§Ó§à§Ú §á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ö§Ó§à§Ý§ð§è§Ú§Ú 1978—1979 §Ô§Ô. §Ó §ª§â§Ñ§ß§Ö. §²§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§å§ã§å§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§ß §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ü §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ä§Ö§â§â§à§â§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ.
À§â§Ñ́§ß (§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò. أَلْقُرآن [qurˈʔaːn] — §Ñ§Ý§î-§̣§å§â¡¯§Ñ̄§ß)— §ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ñ §Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ñ. §³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§å§ß§ß§Ú§ä§à§Ó §Ú §ê§Ú§Ú§ä§à§Ó-§Õ§Ó§å§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §§à§â§Ñ§ß §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§ñ§Þ§í§Þ, §Ó§Ö§é§ß§í§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§ã§à§ä§Ó§à§â§×§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§à§Þ §¢§à§Ø§î§Ú§Þ[23][24]. §±§à §Ú§ç §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §§à§â§Ñ§ß §Ò§í§Ý §ß§Ú§ã§á§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§ß §¢§à§Ô§à§Þ §ß§Ñ §³§Ö§Õ§î§Þ§à§Ö §¯§Ö§Ò§à, §Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ö§Ý §¥§Ø§Ñ§Ò§â§Ñ§Ú§Ý §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ö§Ô§à §á§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ §®§å§ç§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö§Õ§å §á§å§ä§×§Þ §°§ä§Ü§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 23 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§â§à§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.[23] §§à§â§Ñ§ß §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §¡§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Þ§å§ã§å§Ý§î§Þ§Ñ§ß.
ŧէէڧ٧Þ.
ŧէէÚ́§Ù§Þ (§ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§â. बुद्ध धर्म, buddha dharma IAST; §á§Ñ§Ý§Ú बुद्ध धम्म, buddha dhamma, «§µ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §±§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ý§×§ß§ß§à§Ô§à»[1]; §Ü§Ú§ä. ·ð½Ì f¨®ji¨¤o) —§â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§à§Ù§ß§à-§æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§à§Ö §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ) §à §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú (§Ò§à§Õ§ç§Ú), §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ê§Ö§Ö §à§Ü§à§Ý§à VI §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à §ß. §ï. §Ó §¥§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Û §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú. §°§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §³§Ú§Õ§Õ§ç§Ñ§â§ä§ç§Ñ §¤§Ñ§å§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ñ, §Ó§á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §Ú§Þ§ñ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §º§Ñ§Ü§î§ñ§Þ§å§ß§Ú[2].
§³§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ô§à «§¥§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ» (§©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß, §µ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö) §Ú§Ý§Ú «§¢§å§Õ§Õ§ç§Ñ§Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ» (§µ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§í). §´§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß «§Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ» §Ò§í§Ý §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß §Ö§Ó§â§à§á§Ö§Û§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó XIX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö[3]. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ §á§à-§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Þ§å, — §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§ð, §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§ð, §ï§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§å§ð §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ð, §è§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö[4], §Ü§Ñ§Ü «§ß§Ñ§å§Ü§å §à §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú»[5][6][4].
§³§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §â§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ô§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú. «§¢§Ö§Ù §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ú §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ñ — §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§å§ð, §Ü§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ã§Ü§å§ð, §ß§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ §å§Ø §à §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§Ñ§ç §´§Ú§Ò§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ú §®§à§ß§Ô§à§Ý§Ú§Ú, §á§â§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§å§ç§à§Þ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Õ§à §Ú§ç §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û», — §á§Ú§ê§Ö§ä §á§â§à§æ. §¦. §¡. §´§à§â§é§Ú§ß§à§Ó.
çߧà§Ó§í §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §º§Ñ§Ü§î§ñ§Þ§å§ß§Ú §á§â§Ú§ê§×§Ý §Ü §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§å, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ß§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ, §Ó§Ö§â§Ñ §Ó §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Õ§å§ê§å, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§à§Û §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§ð, §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§å§ð §Ó§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú. §±§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§î §Ó §ß§Ú§â§Ó§Ñ§ß§å) §Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ «§ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ §à§ß§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î», §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§å§ä§×§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ú §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Û §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§ñ§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§ñ§Þ) §Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú[8].
§¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §à§ä§Ü§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§à §Ú§Þ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §ã§à§Ù§Ö§â§è§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§å§ç§Ñ §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§Û. §µ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à§Ô§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Þ, §Ú §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ä §à§ä §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ. §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §à§á§í§ä: «§¯§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Þ§à§× §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ö§â§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù §å§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à §Þ§ß§Ö. §±§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §ä§à§Þ§å, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§å§á§Ö§è §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â§Ö §á§â§Ú §á§à§Ü§å§á§Ü§Ö §Ù§à§Ý§à§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä §Ö§Ô§à: §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §á§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä, §â§Ö§Ø§Ö§ä — §é§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ú §Þ§à§× §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ã§î §Ó §Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ö§Ô§à!»[9][10].
§©§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ö §ã §á§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ß§à§Û §ä§í§ã§ñ§é§Ú §Ý§Ö§ä §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ó§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §à§Ò§â§ñ§Õ§à§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü. §°§Õ§ß§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð§ä §å§á§à§â §ß§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö — §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§â§Ö§ä§î§Ú — §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ö. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ú§Õ§Ö§ñ§ç §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§ç §Ó§í§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä «§á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î „§Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ¡° §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ö §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§Ö§Û»[11]. §¯§à §Ó§ã§Ö §à§ß§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §¦. §¡. §´§à§â§é§Ú§ß§à§Ó, §Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç[11]:
· §¹§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §ª§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í:
1. §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Õ§å§Ü§Ü§ç§Ñ («§Ó§ã§× §Ö§ã§ä§î §Õ§å§Ü§Ü§ç§Ñ») — §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö (§ß§Ö §Ó§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö §ä§à§é§ß§í§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ §Ó §Õ§å§ç§Ö §ç§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ). §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ä§à§é§ß§à §á§à§Õ §Õ§å§Ü§Ü§ç§à§Û §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä: §ß§Ö§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§×§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §à§Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç, §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§å§ð §ß§Ö§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, «§ß§Ö§á§à§Ý§ß§à§ä§å», §æ§â§å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ð[12][13][14].
2. §µ §Õ§å§Ü§Ü§ç§Ú §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ (§ä§â§Ú§ê§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ: §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û, §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ[15], §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §à §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à «§Á»[12]).
3. §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §Õ§å§Ü§Ü§ç§Ú (§á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ö§× §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í[16])[17][14].
4. §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §á§å§ä§î, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó§Ö§Õ§×§ä §Ü §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§ä §Õ§å§Ü§Ü§ç§Ú (§Ó§à§ã§î§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§é§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î, §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Û §Ü §ß§Ú§â§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ö)[18].
· §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§ß§à-§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ü§Ñ§â§Þ§Ö,
· §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§ä§Þ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í (§á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á §Ò§Ö§ã§ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, «§ß§Ö-§Õ§å§ê§Ú»),
· §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ü§ê§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í (§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §Þ§Ô§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú),
· §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ã§Þ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ.
§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§í §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §ã§Ñ§Þ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§ç §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §ä§ç§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§í §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§í §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §Ú§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§ç §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§à§Þ §Ó §á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ[19]. §¥§à§Ü§ä§à§â §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §£. §¤. §§í§ã§Ö§ß§Ü§à §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ê§Ü§à§Ý[20]:
· §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §º§Ñ§Ü§î§ñ§Þ§å§ß§Ú,
· §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§â§Þ§í §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û (§ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§â§Ñ),
· §¹§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í §Ú §£§à§ã§î§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§é§ß§í§Û §á§å§ä§î,
· §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§í §Ñ§ß§Ñ§ä§Þ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í §Ú §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
§´§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§Ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü §Ó §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§í §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§î §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§å «§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú»[20].
§£§ã§× §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§í §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ù§â§í§Ó§ß§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§å§ä§×§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ð §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§à §Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Û §ß§à§Ó§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §á§å§ä§Ú, §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Ý §ß§Ú §Ñ§ã§Ü§Ö§ä§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §ß§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ô§Ö§Õ§à§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó §é§â§Ö§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ. §¡ §Ó §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§Ö §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§å§ä§Ú §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ö§â§í §Ó §Ü§Ñ§â§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ (§Ü§â§Ú§ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í), §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §ß§Ñ §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ö§â§í §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û (§ñ§Õ§â§Ú§é§é§ç§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í). §µ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§å§ä§Ú §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö «§ã§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §à§á§á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ú§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§å§ã§ä§à§ä§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à» §Ó §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ý §¯§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§â§Õ§Ø§å§ß§Ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý§å §Þ§Ñ§Õ§ç§î§ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ü§Ú (§Ò§å§Ü§Ó. «§ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ»)[21][8].
§£ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û «§³§å§ä§â§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Ù§Ý§Ñ §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§é§Ñ§Û§ê§Ö§Û §ä§Ñ§Û§ß§í» (§³§Ñ§ß§Õ§ç§Ú§ß§Ú§â§Þ§à§é§Ñ§ß§Ö)[22] §á§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§à§Ü§ä§â§Ú§ß§Ñ §à §ä§â§×§ç §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§Ñ §¥§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§í, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û[23]:
1. §£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §¹§Ö§ä§í§â§×§ç §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §ª§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §Ú §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§ß§à-§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú (§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §ã §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §·§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ§ß§í);
2. §£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §á§å§ã§ä§à§ä§Ö §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§ã§å§ë§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ (§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §ã §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Õ§Ø§ß§ñ-§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ä§í §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í§®§Ñ§Õ§ç§î§ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ü§Ñ, §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ö§Û §ã§å§ä§â§í §á§â§Ñ§Õ§Ø§ß§ñ-§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ä§í §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §ã§å§ä§â§í §ä§â§Ö§ä§î§Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§î §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú[24]);
3. §£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ä§â§Ö§ä§î§Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä§Ñ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§í[25] §Ú §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à «§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ý§Ú§ê§î §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú», §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å «§Ó§ã§Ö §ä§â§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §ã§å§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ý§Ú§ê§î §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö»[22] (§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §á§à§Ó§à§â§à§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§å§ä§â§Ñ §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§ß§í§Û §Ú §à§Ü§à§ß§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §ã §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í §«§à§Ô§Ñ§é§Ñ§â§Ñ).
§¯§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ «§á§à §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð», §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö «§á§â§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ñ», §á§à§Õ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä §ä§â§Ú §Õ§â§Ñ§Ô§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú[26][27]:
· §¢§å§Õ§Õ§å (§á§à§Õ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§à§Û §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §¢§å§Õ§Õ§å §º§Ñ§Ü§î§ñ§Þ§å§ß§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ô§à §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ý§×§ß§ß§à§Ô§à);
· §¥§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§å (§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§í, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§á§í§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú «§ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß§à §Ö§ã§ä§î»[28] §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§á§í§ä §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§à§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú [10], §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í, §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Ö §Ü §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §à§á§í§ä§å, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û[28]. §§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §¥§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§í §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §¹§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §ª§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í[29]);
· §³§Ñ§ß§Ô§ç§å (§Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §á§à§Õ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §Ô§â§å§á§á§å §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §Ó§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö).
§¯§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §Õ§â§Ñ§Ô§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §¥§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§å[10]. §¯§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§ß§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ñ. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ê§Ö§ã§ä§à§Û §é§Ñ§ß§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ñ§â§ç §·§å§ï§Û§ß§ï§ß §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý: «§³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§å§ð §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§ä§à §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä, §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ö §Ó §ä§â§à§Û§ß§à§Û §Õ§â§Ñ§Ô§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í»[30]. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ú§ë§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§ñ§ß§Ú§ß§å §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §á§ñ§ä§î §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§Û (§á§Ñ§ß§é§Ñ §ê§Ú§Ý§Ñ)[31]: §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä §å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§à§â§à§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§á§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ý§Ø§Ú §Ú §à§á§î§ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ[12][32]. §±§â§Ú §á§â§à§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ú §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ñ§Ü§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ö§ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§Û, §à§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ñ§ã§î §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§í§Û §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§Û «§Ý§Ú§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ô§Ñ§â§Þ§à§ß§Ú§ñ». §£ §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ, §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§í §ã§à §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§à§Û, §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ú§ç §Ñ§ã§Ü§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ê§Ü§à§Ý. §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó, §Ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ §Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§á§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§ä§Ú, §ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§â. §ã§Þ§Ú§â§ä§Ú)[12].
§¥§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§Þ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §é§ä§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Û §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§í §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î §á§í§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §å§ß§Ú§é§ä§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î «§ä§â§Ú §ñ§Õ§Ñ»[33]:
· §ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Õ§Ó§Ö§ß§Ñ§Õ§è§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §æ§à§â§Þ§å§Ý§í §Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, «§Ü§à§â§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§â§í»;
· §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ï§Ô§à§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ;
· §Ô§ß§Ö§Ó §Ú §ß§Ö§ä§Ö§â§á§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î.
§£ §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ö§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ[34] §Ú §Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ[35]. §£ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §à§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §ã§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §ä§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü §Ó§à§ã§î§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §á§å§ä§Ú. §£ §å§Ù§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §á§à§Õ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Û §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§ç§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú «§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö», §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Þ§â§Ú§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Õ§ç§Ú §Ú §Õ§ç§î§ñ§ß§í) §Ú §Ú§ß§ä§å§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§á§â§Ñ§Õ§Ø§ß§Ú) §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ[36].
§¨§Ú§Ù§ß§î, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§å, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú «§á§à§ä§à§Ü§à§Ó» §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú[37] §Ú§Ý§Ú «§Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ñ§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§â§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§á§í§ä §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§ç §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó»[38]. §¿§ä§à §Ó §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ü §Ü§Ñ§Þ§ß§ð. §£ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§î. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §é§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§í §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§à§Ó§à§Ö §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §ä§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§â§Ö§Ú§ß§Ü§Ñ§â§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ü§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ[37]. §°§ä§â§Ú§è§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§å§ð-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à «§ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Õ§å§ç§à§Ó§ß§å§ð §ã§å§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ð», §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§å§ð §á§â§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§í §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§à§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û «§á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û» §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú: §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§â§ñ§ë§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ §ã§à§á§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ö§Ô§à§â§ñ§ë§Ö§Û, §á§Ý§Ñ§Þ§ñ §ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§×§ä§ã§ñ, §ß§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û, §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ô§à§â§Ö§ä§î §Ó§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ[39]. §¢§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §ã §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ß§Ú§â§Ó§Ñ§ß§í — «§ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§à§ñ, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ã§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §¢§å§Õ§Õ§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ã§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §¡§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§à§Þ»[37].
§¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ã§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§ñ§ä§î §Ô§â§å§á§á (§ã§Ü§Ñ§ß§Õ§ç): §â§å§á§Ñ — §ä§Ö§Ý§à §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó; §Ó§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ — §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à§Ö, §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö§Û§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö); §ã§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ø§ß§ñ — §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö, §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó (§Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ý§å§ç§Ñ, §à§Ò§à§ß§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ü§å§ã§Ñ, §à§ã§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú)[40]; §ã§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§â§í — §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§â§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§í, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§é§Ú, §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ü§Ñ§ç, §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç §Ú §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§â§Þ§í[41][42][43]; §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ø§ß§ñ§ß§Ñ — §ê§Ö§ã§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ú§á§à§Ó §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û (§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ý§í§ê§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à, §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à, §à§ã§ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à, §à§Ò§à§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à, §Ó§Ü§å§ê§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à)[40][44]. §³§Ü§Ñ§ß§Õ§ç§Ú §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§å§ð §ã§Ö§â§Ú§ð §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §å§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü «§ñ» §Ú §ä§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§ð §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ §Ú §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Û. §±§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§å §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ó §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î «§á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§× §Ó §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç „§ñ¡°, „§Þ§à§×¡° §Ú §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ã§î §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§ð §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ü§å §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ». §¥§Ý§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ó §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ü §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ 32 §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§Ö§Ý§Ñ, §Ó §ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §ã§à§Ù§Ö§â§è§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ú §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä «§ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §ñ, §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Þ§à§×, §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Þ§à§× §ñ, §ñ §ß§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ, §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ñ»[40].
§¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. § §á§â§à§é§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Þ §à§ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ä§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ, §á§à §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §´§à§â§é§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ, «§à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ö§ã§î§Þ§Ñ §á§â§à§ç§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ß§à»[45]. §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ «§£§Ö§é§ß§Ñ §Ý§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ?» §Ú§Ý§Ú «§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §´§Ñ§ä§ç§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ú?»[46] §Ú §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ß§Ú§ç, §ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ «§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö»[47].
§´§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ[ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î | §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ú§Ü§Ú-§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä ]
§¯§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û [48] §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä §ß§Ñ §·§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ§ß§å («§®§Ñ§Ý§å§ð §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§å») §Ú §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§å («§£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§å§ð §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§å») [49] , §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Û §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §£§Ñ§Õ§Ø§â§Ñ§ñ§ß§å («§¡§Ý§Þ§Ñ§Ù§ß§å§ð §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§å») [50][51] . §·§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§å §ê§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§å §á§â§Ñ§ä§î§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§å§Õ§Õ, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§à§Û §´§â§Ú §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§í §á§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§å.
§°§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Þ «§ç§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ§ß§Ñ» §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ä§ç§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í §à§ã§Ü§à§â§Ò§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í, §á§à §ï§ä§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î [52] §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§à§Ó §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §à§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ «§ç§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ§ß§Ñ» §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §ä§â§å§Õ§Ñ§ç. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ä§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Ò§í§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ §ê§Ö§ã§ä§à§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§à§Ò§à§â, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö XX §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§ç§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í [53] . §£§Ó§Ú§Õ§å §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §ç§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ§ß§í §ß§Ö §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§Ú, §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä §â§ñ§Õ §ß§Ö§Û§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ: «§ð§Ø§ß§í§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ», «§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ», «§Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ», «§Þ§Ö§Û§ß§ã§ä§â§Ú§Þ-§Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ», §Ñ§Ò§ç§Ú§Õ§ç§Ñ§â§Þ§Ñ, §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ñ (§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý.) §â§å§ã§ã§Ü., §ä§ç§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§Ñ [54] . §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä §ß§Ñ §®§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ñ§ß§å («§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§å§ð §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§å»), §Ü §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ú§Ò§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Ó§à§ã§ä§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í, §Ú §´§ç§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§å («§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç») [55] — §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ó§ê§å§ð§ã§ñ §ê§Ü§à§Ý§å §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ.
§¹§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §ä§ç§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Õ§í, §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Õ§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¢§å§Õ§Õ§í. §£ §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §£. §¤. §§í§ã§Ö§ß§Ü§à §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ê§Ü§à§Ý§í §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ð§ä §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§í §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Þ §å§á§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§å§ê§Ñ§Ý§î§ñ, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å «§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §¢§å§Õ§Õ§í §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§Ñ, §Ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§î §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ä§Ú§ß§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ó§í§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û». §¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ñ §á§à§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§Ý §ï§ä§à, §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ó§à§× §å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §á§Ý§à§ä§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ö§Ù§ä§Ú §ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ò§å§â§ß§å§ð §â§Ö§Ü§å, §ß§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§í §à§ß §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß [40] .
§£§Ö§ã§î §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§â§à§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§ä§é§×§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ú§è§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Ú§Ù §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ú§ã§é§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §Ó §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú [56] .
§±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ê§Ü§à§Ý §Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ö «§º§Ü§à§Ý§í §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ».
§¢§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ, §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§×§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§ñ§ß §Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û§ã§ñ §à§ä §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §á§â§à§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §Ó §Þ§à§ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö, §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ã§å§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§à§Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§à§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à.
§´§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, «§Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ö§â§à§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü», §ß§à §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð §ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ, §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§à§Ò§å§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ù§Þ.
Date: 2016-08-29; view: 224; Íàðóøåíèå àâòîðñêèõ ïðàâ; Ïîìîùü â íàïèñàíèè ðàáîòû --> ÑÞÄÀ... |