Appendix: A Clockwork Orange

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This is a list of the Nadsat words and other fictional terms found in the book by Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange, along with their meanings in English and their lexical origins.

The Nadsat slang word is shown with its closest English meaning or meanings.

Nadsat	English	Word origin
A
appy polly loggy	apology	Highly exaggerated pronunciation of apology - Burgess's homage to James Joyce's ALP
B
baboochka	old woman	бабушка, bábuška lit. "grandmother"
baddiwad	bad	Young child talk
banda	band	банда, bánda "gang"
barry place	prison	From bars on windows in Prisons.
bedways	to bed	—
bezoomny	mad, crazy	безумный bezúmnyj
biblio	library	библиотека, bibliotéka
bitva	battle	битва, bítva
blub	weep, cry	English slang. Not exclusively nadsat.
Bog	God	бог, bog (pronounced /box/)
bolnoy	sick	больной bol’nój
bolshy	big, great	большой bol’šój Cf bolshie
boohoo, boohoohoo	to cry	from the sound that one makes while crying. Not exclusively nadsat.
brat, bratty	brother	брат, brat
bratchny	bastard	брачный (matrimonial), brachny — likely a shortened внебрачный (out-of-wedlock), vnebrachny, even though stripping it of the prefix inverts the meaning
britva	razor	бритва brítva
brooko	belly	брюхо brjúxo
brosay, brosat	to throw	бросай (throw! - imperative), brosáj, бросать brosát’, "to throw"
bugatties	riches	богатый, bogátyj.
bugatty	rich	богатый, bogátyj.
C
cables	blood vessels	—
cal	crap	кал, kal "feces", sometimes used as an invective as well
cancer	cigarette	Short for English slang "cancer stick" from the disease with which heavy smoking is most commonly associated
cantora	office	контора, kontóra
carman	pocket	карман, karmán
chai	tea	чай, čaj Not exclusively nadsat.
charles, charlie	chaplain	a play on Charlie Chaplin Not exclusively nadsat.
chasha	cup	чашка, čáška; чаша, čáša, "large bowl"
chasso	guard	часовой, časovój
cheena	woman	женщина, žénščina
cheest	to wash	чистить, čístit’, "to clean"
chelloveck	person, man, fellow	человек, čelovék, "person", "man"
chepooka	nonsense	чепуха, čepuxá
choodessny	wonderful	чудесный, čudésnyj
chumble	to mumble	portmanteau "chatter" + "mumble"
clockwork	mechanically responsive	(see notes) ^[1]
clop	to knock	хлопать, xlópat’, "clap"; German Klopfen, "knock"
cluve	beak	клюв, kljuv
collocoll	bell	колокол, kólokol
crack	to break up, smash	—
crark	to howl	portmanteau "crow" + "bark"
crast	steal, rob, robbery	красть, krast’, "to steal"
creech	to shout, scream	кричать, kričát’
cutter	money	From Cockney rhyming slang derived from 'bread-and-butter'
D
dama	lady	дама, dáma; cf Dame
ded, dedoochka	old man	дед, ded, дедушка, déduška "grandfather", coll. "old man"
deng	money	деньги, dén’gi
devotchka	young woman	девочка, dévočka, "girl"
dobby	good	добрый, dóbryj "kind", "good"
dook	trace, ghost	дух, dux, lit. "spirit"; Romany dook, "magic"
domy	house	дом, dom
dorogoy	dear, valuable, expensive	дорогой, dorogój
dratsing	fighting	драться, drát'sja, "to fight"
drencrom	drug	possibly "Adrenochrome"
droog	friend	друг, drug, "friend"
dung	to defecate	—
dva	two	два, dva
E
eegra	game	игра, igrá
eemya	name	имя, ímja
eggiweg	egg	Juvenile mutation of "egg"
em	mother	Derived from the first letter of "mother".
espresso rapido	train
eunuch jelly	gutless coward
F
fag	tire	English slang. Not exclusively nadsat.
faggy	tired
fashed	bothered, annoyed, tired	Scots
filly	to play or fool around with	dim. of "fiddle", cf filly (horse)
filmdrome	cinema	Possibly from δρόμος drómos, course.
firegold	strong drink	? "firewater"
fist	to punch	from Engl. fist, Cf удар кулаком, БИТЬ кулаком
flatblock	home
flip	wild	from Eng. slang "to flip out" to go mad/crazy
forella	trout	форель, forél’
fuzzy	scratchy
G
gazetta	newspaper	газета, gazéta, cf "gazette"
glazz, glazzies, glazzballs	eye, eyes (also used to refer to nipples)	глаз, glaz
gloopy	stupid	глупый, glúpyj
glory	hair
godman	priest, chaplain
golly	unit of money	rhyming slang, "lolly," or "polly"
goloss	voice	голос, gólos
goober	lip	губа, gubá
gooly	to walk	гулять, gulját’
gorlo	throat	горло górlo
govoreet	speak	говорить, govorít’
grahzny	dirty	грязный, grjáznyj
grazzy	soiled	грязь, grjaz’, "dirt", грязный, grjáznyj, "dirty"
gromky	loud	громкий grómkij
groody	breast	грудь, grud’, "breast", груди, grúdi, "breasts"
gruppa	group	группа, grúppa
guff	laugh	guffaw
gulliver	head	голова, golová
guttiwuts	guts	Children’s speech
H
hen-korm	chickenfeed	Engl. hen + корм, korm, lit. "feed (noun)", but cf corn
horn	to cry out	—
horrorshow	good, well, wonderful, excellent	хорошо, xorošó, "well", "good"
hound-and-horny	corny	Rhyming slang
I
in-out in-out, the old in and out	sexual intercourse	—
interessovat	to interest	интересовать interesovát’
itty	to go	идти idtí, "to go"
J
jammiwam	jam	Juvenile mutation of the word "jam"
jeezny	life	жизнь, žizn’
K
kartoffel	potatoes	картофель, kartofel which itself is derived from German Kartoffel, "potato"
kashl	cough	кашель, kášel’
keeshkas	guts	кишка, kišká, "gut"
kisa	girl	девочка, kísa
kleb	bread	хлеб, xleb
klootch	key	ключ, ključ
knives	drugs
knopka	button	кнопка knópka
knopkavat	buttoning	кнопка knópka
kopat	to 'dig' (appreciate)	копать kopát’, "to dig" (literally)
korova	cow	корова koróva
koshka, kot	cat, tomcat	кошка kóška, кот kot
koshtoom	clothing	костюм, kostjúm "suit"
krovvy	blood	кровь, krov’
kupet	to buy	купить, kupít’
L
lapa	paw	лапа lápa
lewdies	people	люди, ljúdi
lighter	old woman, crone	Unknown, possibly "blighter" or "fire lighter"
litso	face	лицо licó
lomtick	piece, bit	ломтик, lómtik, "slice"
luna	moon	луна luná
loveted	caught	ловить, lovít’, "to catch"
lubbilubbing	making love	любить, ljubít’, "to love", люблю, ljubljú, "(I) love"
luscious glory	hair	rhyming slang, possibly "upper storey" (or, more likely, a reference to 'crowning glory')
M
malchick	boy	мальчик mál’čik
malenky	little, tiny	маленький málen’kij
maslo	butter	масло máslo
merzky	filthy	мерзкий mérzkij, lit. "vile", "disgusting"
messel	thought, fancy	мысль mysl’
mesto	place	место mésto
mewler (or: mowler)	to mew	—
millicents	police	from милиционер milicionér, lit. "a militsiya officer" (милиция milícija), influenced by the given name Millicent. Cf militia
minoota	minute	минута minúta
molodoy	young	молодой molodój
moloko	milk	молоко molokó
Moloko plus	milk laced with drugs	(see notes) ^[2]
moodge	man	муж, muž, "husband", archaic, high-flown "man"
morder	snout	морда, mórda
mounch	snack	munch
munchy-wunching	munching	Juvenile mutation of the word "munching"
mozg	brain	мозг mozg
N
nachinat	to begin	начинать načinát’
nadmenny	arrogant	надменный nadménnyj
nadsat	teenage	from -надцать -nadcat’, '-teen' suffix; e.g., одиннадцать odínnadcat’, двенадцать dvenádcat’, тринадцать trinádcat’, etc.
nagoy	naked	нагой nagój, "nude", high-flown for "naked"
nazz	fool	назад nazád, "backward"
neezhnies	underpants	нижнее nížneje, "lower" (adjective, neuter); нижнее бельё nížneje bel’jó, "underwear"
nochy	night	ночь noč’
nogas	feet, legs	нога nogá
nozh	knife	нож nož
nuking	smelling	нюхать njúxat’, "smell", "sniff"
O
oddy knocky	on one's own	одинокий odinókij, lit. "lonesome"
odin	one	один odín
okno	window	окно oknó
oobivat	to kill	убивать ubivát’
ookadeet	to leave	уходить uxodít’
ooko	ear	ухо úxo
oomny	brainy	умный úmnyj, "clever"
oozhassny	terrible	ужасный užásnyj
oozy	chain	узы úzy, "shackles"
orange	man, person	Malay "orang", whence "orang utan", "orang pendek"
osoosh	to wipe	осушать osušát’, "to dry"
otchkies	eyeglasses	очки očkí
P
pan-handle	erection	—
pee and em	father and mother	"pa and ma," "pater and mater"
peet	to drink	пить pit’
pishcha	food	пища píšča
platch	to cry	плач plač (noun)
platties	clothes	платье plát’je
pletcho	shoulder	плечо plečó
plenny	prisoner	пленный plénnyj, lit. "captive"
plesk	splash	плеск plesk
plosh	to splash	onomatopoeia "kerplosh"
plott	body	плоть plot’, "flesh"
podooshka	pillow	подушка, podúška
poison	person	phonetic approximation of person in a Cockney accent
pol	sex	пол pol "gender"
polezny	useful	полезный poléznyj
polly	in phrase "pretty polly" = money	rhyming slang for "lolly"
polyclef	skeleton key	clef is French for "key"; poly- is Greek, meaning "many"
pony	to understand	понимать, ponimát’, "to understand"
poogly	frightened	испуганный ispúgannyj, "frightened", пугливый, puglívyj, "easily scared"
pooshka	gun	пушка púška, literally "cannon", slang "gun"
pop-disc	a record, pop album	—
prestoopnik	criminal	преступник prestúpnik
pretty polly	money	Rhyming slang for "lolly"
privodeet	to lead somewhere	приводить privodít’
prod	to produce	produce, but cf продукция prodúkcija
ptitsa	girl	птица, ptíca "bird" cf. "chick" (bird is a common slang in Britain for a (young) woman, but is not used in Russian in this sense)
punchipunching	punching	Juvenile mutation of "punching"
pyahnitsa	drunk	пьяница p’jánica
R
rabbit	work	работа rabóta
radosty	joy	радость rádost’, "joy"
raskazz	story	рассказ rasskáz
rassoodock	mind	рассудок rassúdok
raz	time	раз raz, lit. "time" as in "one time, two times"
razdraz	annoy	раздражать razdražát’
razrez	to rip, ripping	разрез razréz, "a cut", разрезать razrezát’ impf / razrézat’ pf, "to cut"
rookerful	handful	рука ruká, "hand"
rook, rooker	arm, hand	руки rúki pl
rot	mouth	рот rot
rozz	policeman	rozzer is Cockney slang for "policeman"
S
sabog	shoe	сапог sapóg, "boot", cf French sabot, shoe
sakar	sugar	сахар sáxar, cf saccharine
sammy	generous	"(Good) Samaritan" (Bible Story); Russian "samoye", the most
sarky	sarcastic	English slang, not exclusively nadsat.
scoteena	beast, cow	скотина skotína, "brute"
shaika	gang	шайка šájka
sharp	female	—
sharries	buttocks	шары šarý pl, "spheres/marbles"
shest	barrier	шест šest, "pole"
shilarny	concern	Possibly Irish, unknown lit. meaning
shive	slice	Probably from shiv
shiyah	neck	шея šéja
shlem	helmet	шлем šlem
shlaga	club, bat	German "Schläger", meaning 'club' or 'bat' (lit. 'hitter')
shlagnicked	clubbed	"shlaga" + -ник (Russian diminutive)
shlapa	hat	шляпа šljápa
shoom	noise	шум šum
shoot	fool	шут šut, "clown", "jester"
shvat	take	схватить sxvatít’, "grab"
silver-like	shiny
sinny	cinema, film	French slang "ciné", Russian кино kinó
skazat	to say	сказать skazát’
skolliwoll	school	Juvenile mutation of the word "school"
skorry	quick, quickly	скорый skóryj
skriking	scratching	portmanteau of "strike" + "scratch"
skvat	to grab	схватить sxvatít’
sladkvat	sweetest	сладкий sládkij
sladky	sweet	сладкий sládkij
sloochat	to happen	случаться slučát’sja
sloosh, slooshy	to hear, to listen	слушать slúšat’, "listen", слышать slýšat’, "hear"
slovo	word	слово slóvo
smeck	laugh	смех smex, "laughter"
smot	to look	смотреть smotrét’
sneety	dream	сниться snít’sja, "to be seen in a dream"
snoutie	tobacco	From "snout" Engl. prison slang for "tobacco" or "cigarette"
snuff it	commit suicide	From the phrase used to put out a lit candle (to snuff it). Not exclusively nadsat.
sobirat	to pick up	собирать sobirát’
sod	to fornicate/bugger, fornicator/bugger	Engl. slang; from sodomy, not exclusively nadsat.
soomka	old woman	сумка súmka, "bag", as in the English slang for old woman
sooka	whore	сука súka, lit. "bitch", as in the common slang for a whorish or unsavoury woman
soviet	advice, order	совет sovét, lit. "a piece of advice"
spat, spatchka	to sleep	спать spat’
splodge, splosh	splash	—
spoogy	terrified	испуганный ispúgannyj
Staja	cell, State Jail	formed from the beginning of the words "STAte JAil"; cf German Stalag
Steaky Wake	Beef Steak	a childish pronunciation of the word steak.
starry	ancient, old	старый stáryj
strack	horror	страх strax, "fear"
stripey hole	prison	From appearance of bars.
synthemesc	drug	possibly "synthetic mescaline"
T
tally	waist	талия tálija
tashtook	handkerchief	from German Taschentuch, lit. "pocket-cloth"
tass	cup	from French tasse or German Tasse
this nochy	tonight	ночь noč’, "night"
tick-tocker	heart	from the sound of a heartbeat, often "ticker" in English slang.
timps	drums	from English timpani
tolchock	push, hit	толчок tolčók
toofles	slippers	туфли túfli, "shoes"
tree	three	три tri
V
vareet	to cook up	варить varít’, lit. "to cook by boiling"
vaysay	washroom	from French pronunciation of w.-c., "water closet"
veck	person, man, fellow	человек čelovék, "person", "man"
vehina	wine	вино vinó
vellocet	drug	Probably fabricated; '-cet' is a common ending of painkillers (e.g., percocet, ultracet). Possibly from speed (velocity), which is slang for the drug amphetamine or possibly suggested by the British motorcycle manufacturers Velocette.
venail	? (used as tolchocking and venailing)	Actually "the Nailing In" referring to the nailing of Christ as described in the Bible
veshch	thing	вещь vešč’'
viddy	see	видеть vídet’, "to see"
vino	wine (also used as blood)	вино vinó
voloss	hair	волос vólos, "a hair"; волосы vólosy pl, "hair"
von	smell	вонь von’, "stench"
vred	to harm or damage	вред vred, "harm"
W
warbles	songs, recordings	From the English word "warble", that is, to sing. (As in the birds known as "warblers")
worldcast	satellite TV or shortwave radio broadcast	Portmanteau of "world" and "broadcast"
Y
yahma	hole	яма jáma
yahoodies	Jews	From Arabic "يهود", "yahudi". Not exclusively nadsat
yahzick	tongue	язык jazýk
yarbles, yarblockos	testicles	яблоко jábloko, "apple" (the Russian word doesn't have this meaning, see яйца)
yeckate	to drive	ехать jéxat’, "to go (by vehicle)"
Z
zammechat	remarkable	замечательно zamečátel’no, "remarkably", "remarkable"
zasnoot	sleep	заснуть zasnút’, "to fall asleep"
zheena	wife	жена žená
zoobies	teeth	зубы zúby pl
zvonock	bellpull, doorbell	звонок zvonók, "doorbell"
zvook	sound	звук zvuk

CONCLUSIONS

"Nadsat" - a language created by Anthony Burgess, operating in dystopian "A Clockwork Orange". The concept of "Nadsat" is derived from the transliterated «teens» (teenagers), which means a person under the age of thirteen to nineteen. A feature of the product is that it is written in English, but the author as a stylistic reception uses a lot of words and expressions of the Russian language, as well as borrowing from other languages and dialects.

I think that Nadsat serves a couple of functions in Burgess' work. One such function is that it provides a type of vocabulary that only Alex and his clique understand. It is a form of rebellion against the world as well as a statement of power in that Alex has constructed a language that is relevant to him and something that the rest of the world cannot comprehend. The use of Nadsat as a language helps to convey the slang element, but also provides a time- oriented context to the novel that prevents it from being dated. In using a slang that few understand, Burgess maintains the idea that the language that Alex uses is continually in vogue, making it so that the reader too is part of the structure that Alex rebels against. This helps to maintain the thematic relevance of the novel. The use of Nadsat helps to establish a form of power that Alex has over the people around him and thus the reader, as well. In its use, it becomes clearly evident that the slang helps to create an "other- world" quality, one that causes the reader to approach Alex with an understanding that while part of what is happening is adolescent, there is something deeper and more profound at play here. It is this questioning that becomes one of Burgess' primary motivations as the author.

REFERENCES

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