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Екзаменаційний білет № 6. 1. Systemic relations in language
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1. Systemic relations in language. Paradigmatic relations.
2. The composite sentence and the problem of coordination and subordination.
3. Do the task from the card.
A linguistic unit can enter into relations of two different kinds. It enters into paradigmatic relation s with all the units -that can also occur in the same environment. are relations based on the principles of similarity. They exist between the units that can substitute one another. According to different principles of similarity PR can be of three types: semantic, formal and functional.
Semantic PR are based on the similarity of meaning: a book to read = a book for reading.
Formal PR are based on the similarity of forms. Such relations exist between the
members of a paradigm: man - men; play - played '- will play ~ is playing.
Functional PR are based on the similarity of function. They are established between
the elements that can occur in the same position.
According to the basic semantic difference in the relations betweenclauses, that of coordination/subordination the composite sentence is dividedinto two types: the compound sentence based on coordinative semantic relationsbetween the clauses, and the complex sentence based on the semantic relationsof subordination. Coordination reflects the most general types of logicalrelations between situations and events: conjunction, disjunction, juxtaposition,cause and consequence. Subordination reflects various relations of dependencebetween events: condition, result, cause etc. As a rule, the principal clausepresents the main event and the subordinate clause - the dependent event whichexplains or modifies the main event. The meaning of coordination/subordinationis manifested by special words - the conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs andpronouns which carry a double function: 1) they connect the clauses into onewhole; 2) they specify the type of semantic relations between the clauses.
Date: 2016-05-14; view: 708; Нарушение авторских прав