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Neologisms
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A neologism is a newly coined term, word, or phrase, that may be in the process of entering common use, but has not yet been accepted into mainstream language.
Neologisms can develop in three main ways: a lexical unit existing in the language can change its meaning to denote a new object or phenomenon- semantic neologisms, e.g. the word “umbrella” developed the meanings: “авиационное прикрытие”, “политическое прикрытие”. A new lexical unit can develop in the language to denote an object orphenomenon which already has some lexical unit to denote it. Insuch cases we have transnomination, e.g. the word “slum” was first substituted by the word “ghetto” then by the word group“inner town”. A new lexical unit can be introduced to denote anew object or phenomenon. In this case we have “a proper neologism”, many of them are cases of new terminology.
Here we can point out several semantic groups when we analyze the group of neologisms connected with computerization, and here we can mention words used:
1) to denote different types of computers: PC, super-computer, multi-user
2) to denote parts of computers: hardware, software, monitor, screen
3) to denote computer languages: BASIC
4) to denote notions connected with work on computer: computerman, computerization,
There are different semantic groups of neologisms belonging to everyday life:1) food microbiotics2) clothing e.g. catsuit, pants 3) footwear e.g. winklepickers 4) bags e.g. bumbag Neologisms can be also classified according to the ways they are formed. They are subdivided into: phonological neologisms, borrowings, semantic neologisms and syntactical neologisms. Syntactical neologisms are divided into morphological /word-building/ and phraseological /forming word- groups/.Phonological neologisms are formed by combining unique sounds, they are called artificial, e.g. rah-rah /a short skirt which is worn by girls during parades/, yeck/yuck which are interjections to express repulsion produced the adjective yucky/yecky. These are strong neologisms.Strong neologisms also include phonetic borrowings, such as perestroika /Russian/, solidarnost /Polish, Berufsverbot/German/, dolce vita /Italian/ etc. Morphological and syntactical neologisms are usually built on patterns existing in the language, therefore they do not belong to the group of strong neologisms. Among morphological neologisms there are a lot of compound words of different types, such as free-fall There are also abbreviations of different types such as resto, teen /teenager/ There are many neologisms formed by means of affixation,such as: decompress, to disimprove
Date: 2016-01-20; view: 1786; Нарушение авторских прав