Logistics. Logistics is the entire prosess of moving row materials and compo-

Logistics is the entire prosess of moving row materials and compo-

nent parts, in-process inventory, and finished goods into, through, and

35

out of the firm. The term logistics is brod in scop. It includes managing

the movment and storige of raw materials and supply parts neded during

the prodaction processes. It also includes planing and coordinating the

phisical distribution of finished goods. Inventory or materials manage-

ment consists of those activities performed up to the production point,

whereas physical destribution includes activities that occure after pro-

duction, namely geting the product or service to the castomers. Collabo-

rators such as transpartation campanies are vital to these processes.

9. Complete the table

10. Read the following words. Translate them into Russian. Then add

the prefix en-. What meaning have the words gained? Make your own sen-

tences with these words.

Able, cage, chase, cipher, act, chain, circle, close, courage, danger,

durable, force, slave, large, sure.

11. Give the Russian equivalents to the following.

Battle for dominance; complementary parts; delivery of goods; when

times get tough; defer purchases; convert raw materials into finished

goods; inputs, outputs; an input-transformation-output system; in terms

of benefit; measure of productivity; to screen the ideas; time-consum-

ing; satisfy stated or implied needs; maturity; primary objectives; generic

products; plain packaging; uneven quality; generate more sales.

36

12. Fill in the blanks with the necessary prepositions.

1. Think twice … you do it. 2. We’ve decided to go there regardless …

their strong opposition. 3. I’m sure he will stick … his point of view. He

is so stubborn. 4. I can’t give you any answer right now … … the uncer-

tainty of the possible development of the situation. 5. We are to deal …

this problem in any case. 6. This is his fault. He has done it … the wrong

time. 7. It will have an adverse affect … the whole business situation.

8. The problem should be subject … thorough consideration. 9. They

tried to hold the inflation … constant rate but failed. 10. It is difficult

but we’ll do our best to compensate … all your losses. 11. We must focus

our attention … the main financial problems. 12. The firm agreed to do

it … exchange … better conditions on the market. 13. These two sectors

are very important, both dependent … each other. 14. We are interested

… buying goods … high quality. 15. Producers convert raw materials …

finished goods. 16. These goods seem to be absolutely the same. … what

do they differ?

13.* Give the definition or explain in your own words the following terms.

Consumer, custom goods, intangibles, life cycle, maturity stage, brand

name, logo, JIT, logistics, offering, product development, standard pro-

ducts, customizing

14. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Complex

Subject.

1. The producer is not likely to make a great profit during this phase.

2. The market is said to be at equilibrium because the quantity supplied

is equal to the quantity demanded. 3. They are supposed to set up a joint

venture. 4. He happened to be there when they were discussing the situ-

ation. 5. The problem proved to be a difficult one. 6. She seemed to be

a good manager. 7. This policy is unlikely to be a success. 8. Customers

seem to be satisfied with our product. 9. The market is said to be at equi-

librium at the moment. 10. This type of service is believed to be more

competitive.

15.* Use the English equivalents of the Russian subordinate clauses.

1. I have seen (как они встречали своих партнеров в аэропорту).

2. They didn’t expect (что цены так быстро возрастут). 3. They wanted

(чтобы мы закупили оборудование по более высокой цене). 4. We

would like (чтобы вы проверили все данные еще раз). 5. Do you want

(чтобы мы сами сделали это)? 6. We expected (что они начнут вы-

пуск новой продукции в конце года). 7. We heard (как они обсуж-

дали новы проект с директором фирмы). 8. We’d like (чтобы вы на-

чали разработку новой упаковки для нашего товара). 9. We didn’t

expect (что этот товар так быстро устареет). 10. We’d like (чтобы

вы составили перечень услуг, которые наша фирма может предло-

жить своим клиентам).

16. Read the following sentences. Pay attention to the translation of the

Gerund.

1. Revenues and expenditures forecasting is the most fundamental

step in the process of budget preparation. 2. Adequate planning of capi-

tal expenditures depends crucially on an accurate forecast of revenue

availability. 3. Reading much is a great habit. 4. He likes going to the

cinema once a week. 5. Please, leave the room without banging the door.

6. I don’t feel like laughing over it. 7. The financial director insisted

upon investing into this project. 8. He seemed to enjoy being deliberately

impolite. 9. She couldn’t help noticing the shallowness of this person.

10. I remembered being here with my grandmother. 11. I shall never for-

get seeing the Alps for the first time. 12. You should not risk going out if

you have a cold. 13. I prefer seeing a play to reading it.

17. Make up sentences of your own using these verbs and phrase, fol-

lowed by a Gerund Phrase or a Gerund Construction.

To succeed in; to complain of; to look forward to; to see to; to believe

in; to be afraid of; to be interested in; to be ashamed of; to get used to; to

be tired of; to be in the habit of; to be on the point of; to be in danger of;

to have an objection to; to put up with.

18. Translate the following sentences into Russian in written form.

1. A consumer is a person or business who purchases goods or ser-

vices for personal or organizational use. 2. A nation’s resources are used

to produce goods and services that will meet people’s needs and wants.

3. Consumerism includes the activities of individuals, groups, and or-

ganizations aimed at protecting consumer rights. 4. Production is the

total process by which a company produces finished goods or services.

5. Manufacturing refers only to the physical process of producing goods.

The word manufacturing comes from the ancient Latin word manu

(hand) and facto (create, or make) – in other words, handmade. 6. Opera-

tions are the functions needed to keep the company producing, literally

any function or series of functions enacted to carry out a strategic plan.

7. The rate at which goods and services are created is called productiv-

ity. 8. In a healthy economy, productivity must be high and also steadily

increasing. 9. A product consists of all the tangible and intangible char-

acteristics provided in an exchange between a seller and a buyer.

19. Give the English equivalents to the following.

состояние экономики, равновесие между этими секторами, по-

требление товаров и услуг, осязаемые товары, неосязаемые услуги,

проходит через руки посредников, полный пакет услуг, оправдать

капиталовложения в продукт, протестировать несколько образцов,

прогнозировать объем продаж, отслеживать реакцию потребителей,

крупномасштабное производство, различать сорт и качество, при-

быльный, прекратить выпуск товара, продлить на несколько лет

20.* Translate the sentences into English.

1. Материалы, которые идут на производство товаров, мы за-

купаем во Франции. 2. Процесс создания нового товара требует

огромных затрат времени и средств. 3. Из ста предложенных идей

только одна воплощается в товар. 4. Услуги не подлежат транспор-

тировке и хранению. 5. Компания надеется, что новый продукт

будет прибыльным и долго продержится на рынке. 6. Снижение

продаж происходит в силу разных причин: изменение моды, де-

мографический спад, и т.д. 7. Владельцами брэнда могут быть не

только производители, но и продавцы. 8. Производители ревниво

защищают свою торговую марку. 9. Экономика практически лю-

бой страны состоит из производственного сектора и сектора услуг.

10. Производство товаров и услуг должно быть ориентировано на

покупателя. 11. Потребитель может оценить качество товара без

участия его производителя. 12. Потребителя интересует прежде

всего качество товара или услуг. 13. Экономисты используют ста-

тистические данные, чтобы доказать свои теории. 14. У них доста-

точно сил, чтобы контролировать этот сектор экономики. 15. Мо-

нополии установили эту цену, чтобы максимизировать прибыль.

16. Новая продукция требует больших инвестиций для того, чтобы

покрыть издержки на ее разработку и продвижение на рынок.

17. Маловероятно, что эти услуги будут пользоваться популяр-

ностью у населения. 18. Вероятно, им придется закупать новое обо-

рудование. 19. Оказалось, что эта торговая марка зарегистрирова-

на. 20. Мне было необходимо увидеть директора, чтобы обсудить

с ним все вопросы заранее. 21. Ситуация была слишком сложной,

чтобы разобраться в ней за такое короткое время. 22. Наши ресур-

сы слишком малы, чтобы начинать такой сложный проект. 23. Это

необходимо сделать для того, чтобы увеличить производство на-

ших товаров. 24. Для них важно было закупить все необходимые

материалы до конца года.