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Sectors of economy
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Divisions of economic activity Although the structure of each country is different, their economies can be shown to have similar sectors. When speaking of business or economic activity, commentators normally recognize three major ‘sectors’:
· primary – agriculture, fishing, mining (gas, oil, minerals), construction
· secondary – crafts, manufacturing industry, chemicals, electronics, aerospace
food processing, beverages and other
· tertiary – services, including education, banking, transport, insurance,
airline, retailing, hotels and restaurants, catering and other
The occupational structure The types of activities that most workers are occupied in differ, sometimes dramatically, from one country to another and from one time to another. In most developing countries, the vast majority of the workforce work in the agricultural, or primary, sector. Their work is almost entirely manual, and most of the country’s labour power is concentrated on the basic task of feeding the population. In fully developed countries far more of their productive resources are directed towards other economic activities.
In the US and Canada, for example, only 4 and 7 per cent, respectively, of all employed persons work in agriculture, fishing, and mining, compared to more than 70 per cent in India.
II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.
1. What are divisions included in the economic activity?
a) mining, manufacturing, servicing
b) agriculture, crafts, education
c) primary, secondary, tertiary
2. In what countries are dominated agriculture?
| a)developing countries b)European countries c)the US and Canada |
3. What is servicing sector comprised?
a) construction, mining, agriculture …
b) retailing, education, insurance …
c) manufacturing industry, electronics, crafts
III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.
4. Primary sector is not only mining one because also consists of ________.
a) crafts, transport, fishing
b) agriculture, fishing, construction
c) agriculture, construction, chemicals
5. Manual labour is used yet ________.
a) in the developed countries
b) in some European countries
c) in the countries of the Third World
6. The structure of countries is different but their economies ________.
a) have different sectors
b) have private sectors
c) have the same sectors
IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.
7. сектор обслуживания
| a) secondary | b)primary | c) tertiary |
8. страхование
a) income b) insurance c) loan
9. ручной труд
a) manual labour b) hard labour c) casual labour
10. обрабатывающий сектор
| a) mining | b) servicing | c)manufacturing |
11. технология производства пищевых продуктов
| a) food processing | b) food industry | c) food engineering |
12. розничная продажа
| a)catering | b) franchising | c) retailing |
13. строительство
| a) structure | b) construction | c) conformation |
V. Выберите соответствующее определение данным словам и терминам.
| a) economy b) plant c) sector d) production e) labour f) heavy industry g) raw material h) construction |
14. all the organizations or companies in a particular area of activity, industry
15. theprocess of building something large or complicated
16. building where industrial process happens
17. physical work
18. the system by which a country’s trade, industry and money are organised
19. substances are in a natural state
20. industry that produces large goods (cars, machines) or materials (coal, steel)
21. the process of making or growing things to be sold, especially in large quantities
VI. Прочитайте предложения и укажите соответствует ли данное утверждение действительности: если соответствует напишите после предложения T- true, если не соответствует то F- false, при этом письменно подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста.
22. Thevast majority of the workforce in the developing countries occupy in the primary sector
23. Most of the countries can’t be without tertiary sector
24. In the developed countries of North America large per cent of all employed people work in
agriculture
VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.
25. We have received so many complaints about the product that we ….. redesign the next
model.
| a) must | b) will have to | c) has to |
26 .Because the machine ….. its usefulness, the production manager proposed ….. it.
a) had outlived … b) has outlived … c) have outlived … replacing
replacing to replace
27. He refused..… the contract until he ….. to his boss.
| a) to sign … speaks | b) signing … has spoken | c) to sign … had spoken |
28. The big break came when people ….. to elect their own boss.
| a) are allowed | b) was allowed | c) were allowed |
29. If the share price falls any more, we risk ….. by a larger company.
| a) to be taken over | b) being taken over | c) to take over |
VIII. Заполните пропуски предлогами.
30. How long have you been working ….. the company?
| a) to | b) for | c) in |
31. Sectors of economy differ ….. one country ….. another
| a) from ….. to | b) from ….. for | c) from ….. in |
32. The basic task of the developing countries is concentrated ….. feeding the population
a) by b) on c) in
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательным или наречием в нужной форме.
33. In most developing countries labour is ….. manual.
| a)notalmost always | b) almost always | c) almost entirely |
34. This is ….. machine that we have ever produced.
| a) powerfully | b) the most powerful | c) more powerful |
35. The East Asian Tigers grew ….. for many years
| a) fast | b) steadily | c) slowly |
X. Переведите текст письменно.
Date: 2015-12-13; view: 1485; Нарушение авторских прав