Workflow

Workflow is a complex problem and some document management systems have a built in workflow module. There are different types of workflow. Manual workflow requires a user to view the document and decide who to send it to. Rules-based workflow allows an administrator to create a rule that dictates the flow of the document through an organization.

Versioning

Versioning is a process by which documents are checked in or out of the document management system, allowing users to retrieve previous versions and to continue work from a selected point. Versioning is useful for documents that change over time and require updating, but it may be necessary to go back to a previous copy.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Для того, чтобы выполнить работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:

1. Инфинитив, инфинитивные обороты, способы перевода на русский язык;

2. Причастия, причастные обороты, способы перевода на русский язык;

3. Герундий, герундиальный оборот, способы перевода на русский язык.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Для слушателей заочной формы обучения

по специальностям 080504.65 «Государственное и муниципальное управление»,

080507.65 «Менеджмент организаций»,

080505.65 «Управление персоналом»

Вариант № 1

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.1 Goals are derived from organization’s mission.

1.2 His speech will be followed by a long discussion.

1.3 They delegated that task to a specialized unit.

1.4 Everybody is looking for this file.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните причастия 1 и 2 и установите функцию каждого из них, то есть укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью сказуемого:

2.1 Communication has been defined as the transmission of information and understanding through the use of common symbols.

2.2 Managers must improve their own understanding of what other people are trying to communicate to them.

2.3 Such methods of market research have advantages when applied to consumers’ thinking.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод зависимых и независимых причастных оборотов:

3.1 First-line supervisors and vice-presidents have different needs, values, attitudes and expectations, this resulting in unintentional distortion of communication from him.

3.2 Contacting this market research they came across come interesting phenomenon.

3.3 Economies being a very complex organism, many sciences are concerned with its investigation.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива:

4.1 To facilitate the process of communication a manager must have an idea about the main elements of this process.

4.2 A manager’s aim is to establish common understanding between himself and his subordinates.

4.3 It is necessary for a civil servant to be efficient, polite, and punctual.

4.4 For the process of communication to be completed, the message must be decoded.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям:

5.1 Many managerial problems are believed to be solved only in close cooperation with psychology, sociology, mathematics and many other sciences.

5.2 Current market problems appear to have been studied best of all.

5.3 We know some active ways to solve certain managerial problems.

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

MANAGEMENT STYLES

Various management styles can be employed dependent on the culture of the business, the nature of the task, the nature of the workforce and the personality and skills of the leaders.

This idea was further developed by Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (1973) who argued that the style of leadership is dependent upon the prevailing circumstance; therefore leaders should exercise a range of leadership styles and should deploy them as appropriate.

An Autocratic or authoritarian manager makes all the decisions, keeping the information and decision making among the senior management. Objectives and tasks are set and the workforce is expected to do exactly as required. The communication involved with this method is mainly downward, from the leader to the subordinate, critics such as Elton Mayo have argued that this method can lead to a decrease in motivation from the employee's point of view. The main advantage of this style is that the direction of the business will remain constant, and the decisions will all be similar, this in turn can project an image of a confident, well managed business. On the other hand, subordinates may become highly dependent upon the leaders and supervision may be needed.

A more Paternalistic form is also essentially dictatorial, however the decisions tend to be in the best interests of the employees rather than the business. The leader explains most decisions to the employees and ensures that their social and leisure needs are always met. This can help balance out the lack of worker motivation caused by an autocratic management style. Feedback is again generally downward, however feedback to the management will occur in order for the employees to be kept happy. This style can be highly advantageous, and can engender loyalty from the employees, leading to a lower labour turnover, thanks to the emphasis on social needs. It shares similar disadvantages to an authoritarian style; employees becoming highly dependent on the leader, and if the wrong decisions are made, then employees may become dissatisfied with the leader.

In a Democratic style, the manager allows the employees to take part in decision-making: therefore everything is agreed by the majority. The communication is extensive in both directions (from subordinates to leaders and vice-versa). From the overall business's point of view, job satisfaction and quality of work will improve. However, the decision-making process is severely slowed down, and the need of a consensus may avoid taking the 'best' decision for the business. It can go against a better choice of action.

In a Laissez-faire leadership style, the leader's role is peripheral and staff manage their own areas of the business; the leader therefore evades the duties of management and uncoordinated delegation occurs. The communication in this style is horizontal, meaning that it is equal in both directions, however very little communication occurs in comparison with other styles. The style brings out the best in highly professional and creative groups of employees, however in many cases it is not deliberate and is simply a result of poor management. This leads to a lack of staff focus and sense of direction, which in turn leads to much dissatisfaction, and a poor company image.