Translate the text into Russian. A substation is designed to receive energy from a power system, convert it and distribute it to the feeders

A substation is designed to receive energy from a power system, convert it and distribute it to the feeders. Thus a substation serves as a distribution centre. Substations feed (supply) various consumers pro­vided that their basic load characteristics are similar. Therefore the en­ergy is distributed without transformation of the voltage supplied.

Common substations comprise isolators, switchgear buses, oil cir­cuit breakers, fuses, power and instrument transformers and reactors.

Substations are classed into step up and step down ones. The step up substation includes transformers that increase the voltage. Connected to the busbars of the substation are the power transmission lines of power plants of the system.

As to step down substations, they reduce the voltage to 10 or 6 kV. At this voltage the power is supplied to the distribution centres and to the transformer substations of power consumers.

A transformer substation serves for transmitting and distributing electric power. It comprises a storage battery, control devices and aux­iliary structures.

Transformer substations are classed into indoor and outdoor; both types are used for feeding industrial enterprises. Compared to other types of substations, transformer substations have certain advantages. They have flexible construction and easy and reliable operation. In case of a fault in the left-hand section, the main circuit breaker opens while the normally open section circuit breaker closes and puts the voltage of the section to normal. Power from a substation is delivered to distribu­tion centres.

2. Complete the sentences using the correct variant:

1. A substation serves a) to consume energy.

b)to distribute energy.

c)to convert energy.

2. A substation feeds consumers a) with various load characteristics.

b) with similar load characteristics.

3. The lines of power plants are a) to the busbars. connected

b) to the switchgear.

4. A substation comprises a) the main elements.

b) the main and auxiliary elements.

5. Flexible construction is a) an advantage.

b) a disadvantage.

3. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate, and ask him/her to
answer them.

1. What does a substation serve for?

2. What type of consumers does a substation feed?

3. What parts are the power transmission lines connected to?

4. What components does a substation comprise?

5. What types are substations classed into?

6. What are advantages of a transformer substation?

4. Put down the Russian equivalents of these word combinations. Trans­late them back into English.

circuit breaker

auxiliary units

distribution centre

flexible construction

reliable operation

switch gear bus

hydraulic as well as solar sources of energy

as to phase-word motors

TEXT 12. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS