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Road safety

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Road traffic safety refers to methods and measures for reducing the risk of a person using the road network being killed or seriously injured. The users of a road include pedestrians, cyclists, motorists, their passengers, and passengers of on-road public transport, mainly buses and trams. Best-practice road safety strategies focus upon the prevention of serious injury and death crashes in spite of human fallibility. Safe road design is now about providing a road environment which ensures vehicle speeds will be within the human tolerances for serious injury and death wherever conflict points exist.

http://www.otradny-13sad.ru/index/profilaktika_detskogo_dorozhno_transportnogo_travmatizma/0-50
On existing urban roads where many vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians and bicyclists can be found, traffic calming can be a tool for road safety. Though not strictly a traffic calming measure, mini-traffic circles implanted in existing, normal intersections of urban streets, have been shown to reduce collisions at intersections dramatically. Shared space schemes, which rely on human instincts and interactions, such as eye contact, for their effectiveness, and are characterised by the removal of traditional traffic signals and signs, and even by the removal of the distinction between roadway and footway, are also becoming increasingly popular. Both approaches can be shown to be effective.

Major highways are designed for safer high-speed operation and generally have lower levels of injury per vehicle km than other roads.

Safety features include:

· Limited access from properties and local roads.

· Grade separated junctions

· Median dividers between opposite-direction traffic to reduce likelihood of head-on collisions

· Removing roadside obstacles.

·

http://kevah.ru/photo/trodden_path.html
Prohibition of more vulnerable road users and slower vehicles.

Modern safety barriers are designed to absorb impact energy and minimize the risk to the occupants of cars, and bystanders. For example some road fixtures such as road signs and fire hydrants are designed to collapse on impact. Highway authorities have also removed trees in the vicinity of roads; while the idea of “dangerous trees” has attracted a certain amount of skepticism, unforgiving objects such as trees can cause severe damage and injury to any road users.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_traffic_safety


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Date: 2015-12-12; view: 944; Нарушение авторских прав


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