St Andrews. St Andrews is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, named after Saint Andrew the Apostle

St Andrews is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The town is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world, the oldest in Scotland and one of Britain’s most prestigious. The University is an integral part of the burgh, and during term time students make up approximately one third of the town’s population. St Andrews has a population of 16,680, making this the fifth largest settlement in Fife.

The University of St Andrews, the oldest in Scotland, dates back to 1410. A charter for the university was issued between 1411 and 1412. This was followed by granting university status to award degrees to students in 1413. The school initially started out as a society for learned men in the fields of canon law, the arts and divinity. The chapel and college of St John the Evangelist became the first building to have ties with the university in 1415. The two original colleges to be associated with the university were St Salvator in 1450 and St Leonard in 1512.

St Andrews is also known worldwide as the “home of golf”. This is in part because the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, founded in 1754, exercises legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico), and also because the famous links (acquired by the town in 1894) is the most frequent venue for The Open Championship, the oldest of golf’s four major championships. Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches.

St Andrews has a temperate maritime climate, which is relatively mild despite its northerly latitude. Winters are not as cold as one might expect, considering that Moscow and Labrador in Newfoundland lie on the same latitude. Daytime temperatures can fall below freezing and average around 4 °C. However, the town is subject to strong winds. Night-time frosts are common; however, snowfall is more rare. The absolute maximum temperature is 30.8 °C, recorded in August 1990. In a typical year, the warmest day should reach 26.1 °C and the warmest calendar month (since 1960) was July 2006, with a mean temperature of 16.8 °C. The absolute minimum temperature (since 1960) stands at −14.5 °C, recorded during February 1972, although in an ‘average’ year, the coldest night should only fall to −8.3 °C. Rainfall, at little more than 650mm per year makes St Andrews one of the driest parts of Scotland, shielded from Atlantic weather systems by several mountain ranges. Sunshine, averaging in excess of 1,500 hours a year is amongst the highest for Scotland, and comparable to inland parts of Southern England.

Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по-английски или по-русски:

1). Is the University of St Andrews the oldest university in the UK?

2). What are the winters in St Andrews like?

3). What is St Andrews also known for worldwide?

6. Переведите письменно на русский язык 1,3 и 4 абзацы текста.