Грамматические упражнения

Упражнение 1. Выделите главное и придаточное предложение в сложноподчинённых предложениях. Переведите их.

1. They are massive structures with stone walls that withstand the thrust of their great weight.

2. Because of non-standard areas and shapes on the site the material the builders used was cast-in-place reinforced concrete.

3. If the beam is too long, or if it has to support too much weight, it is subjected to shear.

4. One of the reasons these structures have survived (сохраняться) is because of the great strength that was built into them.

5. In Rome, for example, most of the people lived in great blocks that were often ten storeys (этаж) high.

6. When a modern engineer plans a structure, he considers the total weight of all its component materials.

7. An engineer must consider the live load the structure will support when it is in use.

8. These properties of materials are based on the values which are given by standard tests.

9. The shrinkage we observed (наблюдать) has stopped.

10. The modern engineer must also understand the different stresses which the materials in a structure are subject to.

Упражнение 2. Вспомните или найдите в словаре глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные. Переведите их.

Упражнение 3. Определите функцию that в следующих предложениях.

1. A property that is connected with concrete is shrinkage.

2. About 50% of the cost of cast-in-place construction is that of the formwork.

3. Engineers know that standard dimensions will enable to re-use the formwork.

4. Three forces can act on a structure: those that act up or down; those that act in horizontal plane; and those that act upon it with a turning motion.

5. Sound is absorbed by spaces in the material that contain air.

6. An important mechanical property of building materials is that of strength.

7. Steel and cement appeared in the nineteenth century and people had been producing steel up to that time by a process that limited its use.

8. We must determine the safety factor, that is, an additional capacity to make the structure stronger.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на залог сказуемого.

1. A metal bar breaks when it is pulled with a force of 200.000 lb.

2. Nothing is designed to be stressed to the point where it is ready to fail.

3. This is the area that resists displacement.

4. Shear unit stresses will act on the cross-sectional area.

5. The unit stress at the location of the highest unit stress is considered.

6. The cross sections were changed in size by forces.

7. The actual unit stress changes when the cross section is changed.

8. Unit stress is computed on the basis of the area as it is before any force is applied.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения. Определите, к какой части речи относятся подчеркнутые слова.

1. It forms heavy, rigid, fireproof construction with relative ease.

2. Construction work in cast-in-place concrete may start almost immediately.

3. In order to construct a building, engineers must determine several important factors.

4. Wind increases loads a structure is subjected to.

5. The increase of these forces may cause deformation.

6. Concrete gains strength with time.

7. The gain of strength of these concrete units was achieved by the use of new admixtures.

8. It will reduce the cost of concrete work.

9. Engineers have to know how much this or that building material costs.

10. Standard dimensions enable constant re-use of formwork.

11. It is possible to re-use the formwork in cast–in-place construction.

Date: 2016-02-19; view: 366; Нарушение авторских прав