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I. Quick check. 2. Why is sugar cane called a C4 plant?

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1. Name two C3 plants.

2. Why is sugar cane called a C4 plant?

3. When do CAM plants fix carbon dioxide?

4. Suggest which type of carbon dioxide fixation (C3, C4, or CAM) is most efficient:

a. If it is not hot and sunny and the carbon dioxide level is low, but water is freely available

b. In hot, dry and sunny climates where stomata are closed

c. In bright light and temperate regions where there is an ample water supply.

 

II. Fill in the missing words:

Term (verb) Noun Adjective
adapt ....... .......
fix ....... .......
conserve ....... .......
separate ....... .......
dry ....... .......

III. Use monolingual English dictionary and write down what could the words given below mean:

adapt, hot, dry, condition, growth, compound.

IV. Match these words with their definitions:

  adaptation A. happening at the beginning, first
  metabolism B. a large amount of something in one place or area
  cycle C. the gas produced when animals breathe out, when carbon is burned in air or when anima or vegetable substances decay
  initial D. a plant such as wheat, rice or fruit that is grown by farmers, especially in order to be eaten
  sufficient E. the state of not having something, or not having enough of it
  wilt F. chemical activity in your body that uses food to produce the energy you need to work and grow
7. concentration G. To continue to exist in spite of many difficulties and dangers
8. desert H. To succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation
9. carbon dioxide I. the smallest part of a living thing that can exist independently
  survive J. As much as is needed for a particular purpose; enough
  crop plant K. To stop doing something or happening
12. cope with L. a number of events happening in a regularly repeated order
13. cell M. if a plant wilt, it bends over because it is too dry or old
14. cease N. the process by which something changes or is changed so that it can be used in a different way or in different conditions
15. lack of O. a large area of sand where it is always very hot and dry

V. Find English equivalents to the following word combinations:

№ Russian term English equivalent
1. жаркий и сухой экваториальный регион  
2. замерзающий полярный регион  
3. пшеница, соевые бобы и рис  
4. умеренные условия  
5. маленькие поры в листьях  
6. уменьшает световое дыхание  
7. приспособлены, чтобы выполнять  
8. уменьшает потери воды  
9. высокая концентрация углекислого газа  
10. справляться с условиями пустыни  
11. выжить в очень сухом климате  

 

VI. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms:

№ English term Russian equivalent
thrive in environments    
  cope with the demands  
  ways of fixing carbon dioxide  
  common and widely distributed  
  hot, dry environments  
  obtain sufficient carbon dioxide  
  allow water to escape  
  cease photosynthesising  
  plant growth  
  the loss of  
  a special metabolic adaptation  
  leaf veins  
  the metabolic pathway  
  the bundle sheath  
  photosynthetic efficiency  
  survive in extremely dry conditions  
  occur at separate times  

 

VII. Find synonyms among the pool of words:

Pool of words Synonyms
1)1.thrive/2.lack/3.grow/4.absence/5.cycle/6.rotation  
2)1.damage/2.harm/3.cease/4.condition/5.situation/6.finish  
3)1.efficient /2.sufficient /3.ample /4.productive  
4)1.annual /2.drought /3.lack of rain /4.once a year  

VIII. Answer the following questions. Use all information given before:

1. Where do green plants thrive?

2. How do C3 plants fix carbon dioxide?

3. What are two major disadvantages of C3 plants in hot, dry environments?

4. How do C4 plants fix carbon dioxide?


5. What are the bundle sheath cells?

6. What is the Hatch-Slack pathway?

7. What are two main advantages of C4 plants in hot, dry environments?

8. What are CAM plants?

9. Why can CAM plants survive in very dry climates?

IX. Match the sentence halves. Make complete sentences:

1. Green plants thrive in environments ranging from A. open their stomata (small pores in their leaves).
2. C3 plantsfix carbon dioxide directly B. the Hatch-Slack pathway.
3. To obtain sufficient carbon dioxide, C3 plants must C. carbon dioxide is first fixed into a four-carbon intermediate before it enters the Calvin cycle.
4. C4 plantshave evolved a special metabolic adaptation D. into the Calvin cycle as the three-carbon compound glycerate 3-phosphate (GP).
5. A ring of large closely packed cells called E. hot and dry equatorial regions to freezing-cold polar regions.
6. The metabolic pathway that transports carbon dioxide into the bundle sheath cells is called t F. which reduces photorespiration.
7. CAM is an abbreviation for crassulacean acid metabolism, a type of metabolism first observed in the family of plants called G. crassulaceae (which includes the stonecrops, fleshy-leaved plants that will grow on rocks and walls).
8. CAM plants and C4 plants have a similar metabolism: H. the bundle sheath surrounds the leaf veins.

X. Read and translate the short text without any dictionary:

Fact of life:

Plants are not very efficient at harnessing energy from the sunlight they receive. Under the most carefully controlled laboratory conditions plants can reach 25% efficiency but on cloudy days the natural photosynthetic efficiency of most individual plants is about 0.1%. The annual winter evening primrose, Oenothera claviformis, has the highest natural photosynthetic efficiency at 8%, closely followed by sugar cane at 7%.

XI. Food for thought:

If C4 plants have a greater photosynthetic efficiency than C3 plants, suggest why all plants do not have C4 metabolism.

 


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Date: 2016-02-19; view: 473; Нарушение авторских прав


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