Контрольная работа № 4

Для правильного выполнения контрольного задания №4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка:

1.Сложные формы инфинитива.

2.Инфинитивные обороты, равнозначные придаточным предложениям: объектный инфинитивный оборот (сложное дополнение) и субъектный инфинитивный оборот (сложное подлежащее),

3.Различное значение слов as, for, since, because.

ВАРИАНТ I

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) largest; 2) finest; 3) proved; 4) rugged; 5) translated; 6) produced.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Сorrespondence department students

2. Air composition

3. Water pollution

4. Engine parts

5. Water transport problems

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на выбеленные слова.

1. Hydropower stations require no fuel because electricity is produced from the energy of falling water.

2. He has been interested in history since his childhood.

3. As for the construction site it has been chosen carefully and the work started.

4. Because New York moves vertically as well as horizontally its people are taken by elevator to their offices on the fortieth, sixtieth and eightieth floor.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. То convert chemical energy into electric energy we must use electric cell.

2. The article to be translated is rather difficult.

3. Metal must be covered with paint to prevent corrosion.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Переведите предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. This dam is considered to be the largest in the world structure of this kind.

2. Oil is known to be one of the most important sources of energy.

3. I heard him mention the results of his investigation.

4. He proved to be the experienced specialist in electronics.

5. She seems to know some oriental languages.

6. The discovery showed the atomic nucleus to be a vast source of energy.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 1й и 2-й абзацы, письменно - 3-й, 4-й абзацы.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1. Moist - влажный

2. Bay - залив, бухта

3. Harbour - гавань

4. Current - течение

5. Heather - вереск

6. Glades - болотистые места

GREAT BRITAIN

1. Great Britain is situated on the British Isles that lie to the North-West of continental Europe. They consist of two large islands.-Great Britain and Ireland, and many small islands. They are surrounded by the seas and the ocean and the climate there is moister than that of central Europe. The coast line is broken and it has a number of fine bays and natural harbours.

2. It is hard to say that Great Britain has typical weather because of the sudden changes that may occur. The three things to determine the climate of Great Britain are: 1) the position of the island in the temperature belt, 2) the fact that prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west, 3) the warm current Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of Great Britain. That is why the British ports are ice-free and rivers do not freeze throughout the year. The world famous ports are: London, Liverpool, Bristol, Plymouth, Southampton, Portsmouth, Dover and others.

3. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial capitalist country. In the XIX-th century it stood the first in the world and was the biggest colonial power. But after World War II it lost its prestige as well as colonies. It is a constitutional monarchy but the power of the Queen is limited by the Parliament which includes two Houses - the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Prime-Minister is usually the head of the party which is in power. The normal life of the Parliament is fixed for 5 years. It seats 160 days a year. About 900 peers sit in the House of Lords. They are not elected by voters. Their seats in the chamber are, as a rule, hereditary. The House of Commons is an elected assembly and is considered to be more important.

4. London is the capital of Great Britain. It is one of the oldest cities in the world and presents much interest to foreigners. There are many museums, picture galleries, monuments, parks and beautiful buildings. Britain’s main industries are: coal-mining machinery, textiles and clothing, shipbuilding, metal manufacture, electronics, chemicals and others. Sheffield is a big centre of steel industry, and in Manchester there are many textile factories, Liverpool is one of the big ports on the west coast of the island. Glasgow is a large port, too, as well as a big shipbuilding centre. Agriculture is also a highly developed industry, but because of lack of cultivated lands it cannot supply the country with sufficient food products. Britain has to import grain, meat, wine, fruits and other food stuffs.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. The British Isles are surrounded by the seas and the ocean, aren't they?

2. Is Great Britain a highly developed industrial capitalist country?

3. What two Houses does the British Parliament include?

4. Are peers of the House of Lords elected by voters or not?

5. London is one of the oldest cities in the world, isn't it?

Why does Britain import grain, meat, wine, fruit and other food stuffs?

ВАРИАНТ II

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) qualified; 2) colonies; 3) supplied; 4) industries; 5). factories; 6) biggest.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите следующие словосочетания:

1. Research program results

2. Light wave

3. Ice density

4. Salt crystals

5. Food preservation methods

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. Specialists prefer IBM computers because of their high reliability.

2. Man used wood for construction since ancient times.

3. Alfred Nobel had deep knowledge in different fields of science; as for chemistry he became a skilful chemist by the time¹ he was twenty.

4. The young scientist could not give a complete explanation of his results because he had no experience in this field.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. То calculate the age of our planet one must have much knowledge in different branches of science.

2. That man was the last to take part in the discussion.

3. Everything was done to facilitate the expedition.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Переведите предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. Lake Baikal is known to be the deepest in the world; it is fed by more than 300 rivers.

2. We had not expected them to cope with this problem by the end of June.

3. He proved to be a qualified mechanic.

4. We thought him to have taken part in this interesting experiment.

5. These two scientists happened to work on the same problem.

6. We heard her come into the room and close the door behind her.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 3-й, 4-й, 5-й абзацы, письменно - 1-й, 2-й абзацы.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ:

1. temperate – умеренный

2. landscape – ландшафт, пейзаж

3. coastal plain – прибрежная равнина

4. hazard – стихийное бедствие

5. to accomplish – выполнять

6. main, chief – главный

7. rubber – резина

8. to permit – разрешать, позволять

9. to hunt – охотиться

NEW ZEALAND

1. New Zealand is an independent state. Its total area is 269.000 square kilometers. It is situated to the south-east of Australia. The population is nearly 3.5 million people. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. It was founded in 1840, and is famous for its educational institutions: the University of New Zealand and Victoria University College. New Zealand is a self-governing state. The Parliament consists of one House only, the House of Representatives. The Prime-Minister is the head of the government. The main political parties are: the Zabour Party, the National Party and the Party of Socialist Unity.

2. In 1984 the government accomplished mayor economics restructuring and New Zealand became a more industrialized country with free market economy. Nevertheless the country is heavily dependent on trade particularly in agricultural products. The main industries are: mining, food processing, wood, paper and rubber production. The land is rich in minerals that’s why iron and steel industries have strong position. Jas, coal and petroleum have also been discovered there. There are some big cities such as Auckland, Dunedin and Christ-Church. Wellington is one of the country’s ports. New Zealand exports apples and honey.

3. The climate of New Zealand is temperate with charp regional contrasts. The landscape of the country is mountainous with some large coastal plains. The highest point is Mount Cook (3,764 meters). There are many rivers and lakes in the country. The chief rivers are the Waikato and the Wairau. Natural hazards, earthquakes are common though usually not severe and there is a volcanic activity in New Zealand. This country is famous for the Sunderland Falls, one of the highest waterfalls in the world, where water drops from the height of six hundred meters.

4. The symbol of the New Zealand people is the kiwi. This interesting bird lives in the wet parts of the thick bushes. On the day time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis can not fly. Many years ago kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting of kiwis. Small children are always called kiwis.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. New Zealand is a self-governing state, isn’t it?

2. Is New Zealand rich in nature resources?

3. How many political parties are there in New Zealand?

4. Is the capital of New Zealand Wellington or Auckland now?

5. What is the highest mountain in the country?

6. Which bird is the symbol of New Zealand people?

ВАРИАНТ III

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) centuries; 2) enemies; 3) quantities; 4) supplied; 5) combatting; 6) shortest.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите следующие словосочетания:

1. River water purification

2. Steam pressure

3. Calculation methods

4. Light emission

5. Public transport improvement

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. Plastics find wide application in all branches of industry because of their light weight.

2. Man has always been a builder, as for the kind of house he built it depended upon the climate, upon his enemies arid upon the building materials at hand.

3. It is even more reliable to use instruments, since the most attentive observer can hardly compete with modern automatic devices.

4. Radiochemical techniques are exceedingly delicate because radioactive substances are usually available only in extremely minute qualities.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. То solve this problem you have to make a great number of experiments.

2. The question to be studied in the shortest possible time is very important.

3. Today chemists are to find new methods of inorganic high polymer synthesis.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Переведите предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. Combating against the corrosion of metals is believed to become a key problem in all industrialized countries.

2. We know electrons to flow from the negative terminal of the battery to the positive one.

3. Lightning proved to be a discharge of electricity.

4. New data appeared to be a great importance for the results of this experiment.

5. They watched him approach the station slowly.

6. We know him to be the best student.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 1-й, 2-й абзацы, письменно - 3-й, 4-й абзацы.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1. Settlement - поселение

2. То rebel - восставать

3. Contradiction - противоречие

4. Slave - раб

5. Supreme Court - Верховный суд

6. Representative - представитель

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. The USA is one of the largest countries in the world. It is situated in the central part of the North American Continent. The area of the USA is over nine million square kilometers. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean and by the Atlantic Ocean. The United States of today have developed from the British, German, Italian and other colonial settlements in North America. In the 17th and 18th centuries these colonies supplied their mother countries with raw materials to maintain the development of industry there. England exploited harshly its colonies. Everything was done to prevent the industrial development of those English colonies.

2. When they could stand this no longer, they rebelled against England. Long struggle followed, and in 1783 the colonies succeeded to win their independence. In those days the United States occupied only a narrow strip of land along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean'. Gradually territory grew, and by 1853 it extended to the Pacific Ocean. The contradictions between the capitalist North and slave-owing South led to the Civil war of 1861-1865. In this war the South was defeated and the slaves were freed. As a result of this capitalist economy system began to develop rapidly all over the territory of the United States.

3. The USA is a federal republic. It consists of 50 states. The capital Washington is situated in the District of Columbia and is not in any of the fifty states. The capital was named in honor of the first President, George Washington. The government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). The Congress is made up mainly of big business representatives: bankers, industrialists and their lawyers. There are a lot of rich people in the USA. But the life of most coloured people is very difficult. Some Americans live in poverty, many people can’t get work.

4. The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is rich in mineral resources, such as aluminium, salt, zinc, copper and others. The country is rich in coal, natural gas, gold, silver, iron, oil, etc. Such industries as machine-building and ship-building are highly developed in the USA. American agriculture produces a lot of food: grain, fruit, vegetables. Besides the USA produces more than 52% of the world’s corn, wheat, cotton and tobacco.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. In the 18th century the United States occupied only a narrow strip of land along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, didn't it?

2. Is the USA a federal republic consisting of 50 states?

3. Was the South defeated in the Civil war of 1861-1865 or not?

4. From what colonial settlements have the United States of today developed?

5. What three branches does the US government include?

6. What mineral resources is the USA rich in?

ВАРИАНТ IV

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) improved; 2) largest; 3) countries; 4) produced; 5) running; 6) raising.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Сoal mine reconstruction

2. Speed control

3. Oil export

4. Wind velocity

5. Steam engine parts

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. Transistor replaced vacuum tube because it operates on a minimum amount of electric energy.

2. The transformer is a device used for raising or lowering voltage.

3. The quality of the goods produced by the plant was improved since the old methods of production were changed.

4. The plasma knife is nearly the same in appearance as any conventional welding apparatus but besides the containers for the argon and nitrogen gases it has a direct current transformer.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. То find the mass of the electron numerous experiments had to be made.

2. We have tested the machine to be put into operation next week.

3. It would be impossible to protect metal from corrosion without the films.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Переведите предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют прида­точным предложениям.

1. The laser is considered to have caused a real revolution in technology.

2. This invention proved to make great effect in this field of industry.

3. The engineer expected the work to be done in time.

4. They know him to read a lot.

5. The doctor happened to be there at the time of the accident.

6. This apparatus seems to be more powerful than the one installed in our laboratory.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 3-й, 4 й, 5-й абзацы, письменно - 1-й, 2-й абзацы.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1. Deposit - месторождение

2. Majestic - величественный

3. Spawning ground - нерестилище

4. Custom - обычай, привычка

5. Impressive - впечатляющий

CANADA

1. Canada land stretches between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. The population of Canada is about 32 million people. There are two state languages: English and French. English is spoken by 60% of population; French is spoken by 23% of people. The climate of Canada varies from temperate in the South to subarctic and arctic in the North. Most of Canada’s inhabitants live in the southern part of the country and vast areas of the North are sparsely inhabited.

2. The country is divided into ten provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan. Quebec is the largest province. Deep in the ancient rocks lie rich deposits of iron, gold, silver, nickel, copper, platinum, cobalt and uranium. In the southern-most part of this province are the world largest deposits of asbestos. The world is so hungry for this material that asbestos became a many-dollar-a-year industry in Canada. Montreal, the capital of Quebec, is known to be the largest city in Canada. It is built around a mountain on a green island, in the middle of the St. Lawrence River.

3. Toronto is the capital of Ontario. The University of Toronto is the largest in Canada and is noted for its high academic standard. British Columbia is impressive because of the majestic mountains holding clear lakes in cup-like hollows. There are many swift-running rivers. Some of them provide power for mills and smelting plants. Many rivers are spawning grounds for the fish. Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces retained many customs and traditions of people from different countries, who settled there first. In Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba a dozen languages can be heard in a single day. Manitoba is rich in gold, copper, zinc and nickel. Numerous rivers and lakes make fishing a very important industry.

4. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. It is the centre of industry and commerce. Canada became independent from the United Kingdom in 1867. Legal system is based on the English common law, except the Quebec, where civil law system is based on the French law. The government type of Canada is confederation with parliamentary democracy. The name Canada is derived from an Iroquoian term meaning “village”.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. Quebec has the world largest deposits of Asbestos, hasn't it?

2. Are there majestic mountains and clear lakes in British Columbia?

3. Is fishing or coal-mining a very important industry in Manitoba?

4. How many provinces are there in Canada and what are they?

5. What province has tremendous oil fields and vast resources of natural gas?

6. When did Canada become independent from the UK?

ВАРИАНТ V

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) assumed; 2) taking; 3) compared; 4) varies; 5) baking; 6) supplies.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Energy accumulation process

2. Generator development

3. Communication means

4. Car engine

5. House ventilation system

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. Copper is widely used for cables because it is a good conductor of electricity.

2. We call oxides, sulphides and some metal alloys as well as chemical elements - semiconductors.

3. The laser beam is largely used in welding since it can melt diamonds and burn holes in the hardest metals.

4. Glass is the principal inorganic fibre; because of its resistance to acid solvents it is useful as a filter cloth.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1. То get to the earth the rays of the sun have to travel during light years.

2. The new method to be used depends upon natural conditions of the district.

3. Static electricity is not very high in voltage, and it is easy to control it.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Переведите предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. The alternating current is known to flow first in one direction and then in the opposite one.

2. The new gaseous fuel is assumed to be both cheap and efficient.

3. The Sun and stars are proved to be able to produce great quantities of energy by means of certain nuclear reactions.

4. They considered him to have completed his research two days ago.

5. She watched the last train go out.

6. We know the computer to be able to do computation in seconds.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 2-й, 3-й абзацы, письменно 1-й, 4-й абзацы.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1. Legislature - законодательная власть

2. Distinct - отчетливый, особый, отличный от других

3. Representative - представитель

4. The Dutch - голландцы

5. Wombat – вомбат (животное, напоминающее миниатюрного медведя)

6. Parrot – попугай

AUSTRALIA TODAY

1. Australia became united in 1901. Today it includes six states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania. Each state has its own legislature and Premier but the Federal Parliament which sits in the capital of Australia - Canberra, is quite distinct. The Federal Parliament of Australia consists of the Governor-General, the Senate with ten senators from each state and the House of Representatives with 124 members. The language of Australia is English - but nearly two hundred years of settlement on the other side of the world have produced some differences.

2. The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Australia. In 1770 the English captain James Cook discovered the East Coast of Australia. Today about 20 million people live in Australia. Canberra became the capital in 1927. Its population is 300000 people. There are no industrial plants. It is a very beautiful place with parks, lakes, big open streets and fine buildings Canberra became an international city, full of diplomats and government offices. The Australian Academy of Sciences and the Australian National University are the centres of research and education.

3. Australia is sometimes called “the lucky country”. One reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold, silver, iron, coal, nickel and zinc, etc. The Bass Strait, of the coast of Victoria, has been one of the country’s biggest oil fields for many years. Australia is one of the most important producers of metals and minerals. It exports wool production, meat, fruit and sugar. Big farms grow millions of tons of wheat every year, and wheat has become the Australia’s biggest export. Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane are the biggest cities and ports of the country.

4. Australian climate is dry and warm, even hot. It is situated in the Southern Hemisphere and that is why there is summer in December, January and winter in June, July and August. Australia is separated from other countries and its animals have developed differently. They are called marsupial (сумчатый) animals. You can see the dingo, wild dog, which kills other animals at night, the kangaroo, wombat, koala and many different parrots there. The Great Barriers Reef on the coast of Queensland is a garden under the sea. There are 1,400 kinds of fish and more than 300 kinds of coral. Tropical fruit and flowers grow there. Every year thousands of tourists visit Australia to see red rocks, red sand, and strange group of huge red stones called “the Olgas” which are holy to the Aboriginals. The Blue Mountains are really blue because they are covered with forests of blue coloured eucalyptus trees. It is not surprising that more and more holiday – makes come to Australia every year.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. The language of Australia is English, isn’t it?

2. Did the English captain James Cook discover East Coast of Australia?

3. Is Sydney or Canberra the capital of the country?

4. Why is Australia sometimes called “the lucky country”?

5. Which product is the Australia’s biggest export?

6. What kinds of marsupial animals do you know?

7. Which place is the holy place to the Aboriginals?

8. Is Australia a country of strong attraction for tourists?