Контрольная работа № 5

Для правильного выполнения контрольного задания № 5 необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:

1. Причастия (Participle I, Participle II) и их грамматические функции:

а) самостоятельные члены предложения;

б) элемент сказуемого.

2.Герундий.

3. Причастные обороты (зависимый, независимый).

4. Виды подчинения и соединения в сложном предложении (союзное, бессоюзное).

ВАРИАНТ I

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) crossing; 2) becomes; 3) contaminated; 4) transmitting; 5) swimming; 6) quoting; 7) transferred; 8) implied; 9) based.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Ozone layer

2. Water pollution

3. Water pollution control

4. Air pollution

5. Acid rains

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Письменно переведшие предложения и выпишите из них третью форму глагола (V₃).

1. People has designed and produced up-to-date machines and technologies to make their life easier and more comfortable.

2. As a result many birds and fish die because of polluted water, others are getting contaminated and people may get sick from eating them.

3. People are concerned about the air and the water used by everyone.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Письменно переведите предложения, выпишите из них четвертую форму глагола (V₄).

1. The fastest swimming bacteria may be the quickest indicators of industrial water pollution.

2. A lot of ships crossing the oceans and seas put their wastes into water.

3. Looking at the bacteria through a microscope shows whether the organisms are swimming or simply thrashing about indicating clean or polluted water.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что причастные обороты соответствуют в русском языке придаточным предложениям.

1. The Russian Federation and the U.S. agreed on the project related to water pollution control.

2. Toxic industrial materials cause water pollution, others being pesticides and dangerous bacteria.

3. Starting several thousand years B.C. (Before Christ) the water quality control has a very long history.

4. Water being the main raw material of civilization, man cannot live and industry cannot operate without it.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Письменно переведите сложные предложения с учетом союзного и бессоюзного подчинения.

1. Man's prime need in his environment is water, and whenever people live together a supply of potable (питьевой) water is required.

2. Another thing we did not study is how many purifications are needed to reuse water in this area.

3. Scientists know the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is increasing.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 3-й, 4й абзацы, письменно 1-й, 2-й и 5-й абзацы.

POLLUTION

1. People have designed and produced up-to-date machines and technologies to make their life easier and more comfortable. But all these activities result in air and water pollution.

2. One of the most important problems is the oceans. A lot of ships crossing the oceans and seas, especially those that carry oil, put their wastes into water, and the water becomes dirty. As a result many birds and fish die because of polluted water, others are getting contaminated and people may get sick from eating them.

3. The second problem is air pollution. Cars and plans pollute the atmosphere with their wastes. They destroy the ozone layer which protects us from the dangerous light of the Sun. They also destroy forests which are dying from acid rains.

4. Now people begin to realize the danger of their activities. People are concerned about the air and the water used by everyone, they are also concerned about the future of the planet because they understand that these activities affect the balance of nature.

5. In order to make our life not only easier but better and healthier we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution. Our planet belongs to our children and if we want our children to live in a healthier world we must do everything, to protect them from the catastrophe.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. People have designed and produced up-to-date machines and technologies, haven’t they?

2. Do all the people’s activities result in air and water pollution?

3. What are the results of water pollution?

4. Does the ozone layer protect us from the dangerous light of the Sun?

5. What must we do in order to make our life easier, better and healthier?

ВАРИАНТ II

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) thought; 2) unlimited; 3) leads; 4) moving; 5) using; 6) getting; 7) carried; 8) received; 9) ceased.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Unlimited source of resources

2. Water shortage

3. Natural resources

4. Forest damage

5. Environmental problems

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Письменно переведите предложения и выпишите из них третью форму глагола (V₃).

1. The Specification of the program is divided into two parts: general overview and detailed description.

2. The database has included the structures designed to maximize the knowledge about the air pollution sources.

3. The provided diagrams and tables enable the operator to analyse the received information.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Письменно переведите предложения, выпишите из них четвертую форму глагола (V₄).

1. San Francisco Bay (залив) is getting dirtier all the time despite the efforts to clean it up.

2. The basic element in food is carbon making complex combinations.

3. The boiling point of water is 100 °C (or 120 °F) and the freezing point is 0 °C (or 32 °F).

4. Another problem is water shortage resulting from unlimited use of it.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что причастные обороты соответствуют в русском языке придаточным предложениям.

1. Telescopes and microscopes have lenses which bend the light rays coming from the object being viewed.

2. The rainbow (радуга) is the white light of the sun split up into the colors of the spectrum by the drops of water falling in a rain.

3. On the Moon volcanic activity ceased around three million years ago, the surface remaining almost unchanged since that time.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Письменно переведите сложные предложения с учетом союзного и бессоюзного подчинения.

1. There are some properties of the planet that might affect geologic-processes.

2. The beams are made up of countless rays, and so we know rays travel in straight lines.

3. The question is what the speed of the moving object was.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Прочтите текст и переведшие устно 3-й, 4-й абзацы, письменно 1-й, 2-й абзацы.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

1. People have thought that the environment is an unlimited source of resources, that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all wastes. The environment supplies the economy of any country with its resources such as timber, minerals and oil. As a result, natural resources are becoming reduced, air and water are polluted, and the environment is unable to absorb all its wastes.

2. For example, waste gases cause acid rains; this leads to forest damage and therefore reduces the resources of forests. Another problem is water shortage resulting from unlimited use of it. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth thought pollution from plants and cars. One more problem is damage to wildlife. It is possible that some kinds of animals can disappear due to people activities.

3. Some territories in Russia are also suffering environmental problems. Many of these problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economics activities. Many forests in the north of European Russia and the Far East and under threat.

4. If we want to live in a healthier world we must learn to use the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused by activities. Otherwise very soon we will have no world to live in.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая

типы вопросов.

1. Waste gases cause acid rains, don’t they?

2. Have people thought that the environment is an unlimited source of resources?

3. What caused the environmental problems in Russia?

4. Do some kinds of animals disappear due to people activities or natural reasons?

5. What is it necessary to do in order to live in a healthier world?

ВАРИАНТ III

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) defined; 2) classified; 3) combining; 4) travelling; 5) uses; 6) preserving; 7) applied; 8) including.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Environment pollution

2. Natural resources

3. Industrial enterprises

4. Preservation of the environment

5. Man-made atmospheric pollutants

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Письменно переведите предложения и выпишите из них третью форму глагола (V₃).

1. Oil, gas, coal, wood are used faster than they can be replenished.

2. We have heard about it on television and radio, and have read in newspapers and magazines.

3. Many materials, especially plastics cannot be reused and cannot be absorbed by the earth again.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Письменно переведите предложения, выпишите из них четвертую форму глагола (V₄).

1. Natural resources and energy are getting more expensive, and air and water are becoming seriously polluted.

2. The atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable of absorbing all wastes.

3. Some territories in Russia are suffering environmental problems.

4. A car is travelling at a speed of 60 kph (kilometers per hour).

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что причастные обороты соответствуют в русском языке придаточным предложениям.

1. Translated into several languages London's writings have been published in the United States, Japan, China, Poland and other countries.

2. All plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air, their woody parts preserving it for a long time.

3. The cosmic rays in the upper atmosphere sometimes break up nitrogen atoms converting them into a radioactive form of carbon.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Письменно переведите сложные предложения с учетом союзного и бессоюзного подчинения.

1. When radioactive substances decay they give off their radioactivity.

2. The decay of radioactive substances can be used as a «clock» for telling how old the prehistoric relics are.

3. All you have to do is to find a radioactive substance connected with the relic in some way and measure the proportion of radioactivity left.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Прочтите текст и переведите устно1 - й, 3-й абзацы, письменно - 2-й, 4-й и 5-й абзацы.

THE PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENT

1. One of the greatest problems of all modern cities is the environment pollution. Every year people consume more goods. Production of goods and services uses energy and natural resources (oil, gas, coal, wood, etc.). All these things are used faster than they can be replenished. Natural resources and energy are getting more expensive, and air and water are become seriously polluted. The problem of environmental pollution is well-known to most people. We have heard about it on television and radio, and have read in newspapers and magazines.

2. The worst environment pollution is caused by the manufactures who put chemical wastes into rivers and seas. Another problem is air pollution. The air is polluted by traffic and smog from industrial enterprises.

3. The word smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in it, which can be harmful, even deadly. Such diseases as eczema and asthma are linked to air pollution.

4. Materials like paper and glass can be reused, but, unfortunately, many materials, especially plastics cannot be reused and cannot be absorbed by the earth again. Some plastics cannot even be destroyed. As a result of this people face the problem of preservation of our environment.

5. All these things are very serious and people must realize what will happen if they don’t do everything possible to reduce man-made atmospheric pollutants and smog.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. Production of goods and services uses energy and natural resources, doesn’t it?

2. Do many people know about the problem of environmental pollution?

3. What diseases are linked to air pollution?

4. What is the problem with plastics?

5. What problem do people face?

ВАРИАНТ IV

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) thriven; 2) polluting; 3) discovers; 4) is; 5) concentrates; 6) polluted; 7) using.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Turning point

2. Harmful substances

3. Industrial waste

4. Freshwater resources

5. The ozone layer depletion

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Письменно переведите предложения и выпишите из них третью форму глагола (V_З).

1. For hundreds of thousands of years the human race has thriven in Earth’s environment.

2. When there are too many harmful things in the air, it is polluted.

3. We have upset nature’s sensitive equilibrium.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Письменно переведите, предложения, выпишите из них четвертую форму глагола (V₄).

1. Wind and solar energies are exploited for generating electricity.

2. The solar energy reaching the Earth's atmosphere gives life to plants and beings.

3. Nowadays mankind is facing two major problems-environment pollution and lack of natural resources.

4. We are releasing harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste and tearing up the countryside to accommodate our rubbish.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что причастные обороты соответствуют в русском языке придаточным предложениям.

1. Invented in 1931 the neutrino was not found until 1956, but recent discoveries suggest that neutrinos make up the larger part of the mass of the Universe.

2. If proven these latest results about neutrinos will deeply influence the ideas concerning the Universe.

3. Tokyo has greatly changed since 1923, the urban area expanding and the density of wooden houses increasing.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Письменно переведите сложные предложения с учетом союзного и бессоюзного подчинения.

1. Lomonosov made some experiments on gases in which he demonstrated that mass is conserved in chemical reactions.

2. Greek thinker Democritus considered all substances were made oftiny particles-atoms which could not be further divided.

3. In 1911 Ernest Rutherford discovered that atom had in its center a core, or nucleus positively charged.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 1-й абзац, письменно 2-й и 3-й абзацы.

THE POLLUTION OF ENVIRONMENT

1. For hundreds of thousands of years the human race has thriven in Earth’s environment. But now, at the beginning of the 21^st century, we are at crucial turning point. We have upset nature’s sensitive equilibrium releasing harmful substances into the air, polluting rivers and oceans with industrial waste and tearing up the countryside to accommodate our rubbish. These are the consequences of the development of civilization. We are to stop it by joint efforts of all the people of the world.

2. The range of environmental problems is wide. But the matters of people’s great concern nowadays are atmosphere and climate changes, depletion of the ozone layer, freshwater resources, oceans and coastal areas, deforestation and desertification, biological diversity, biotechnology, health and chemical safety. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) concentrates its activities on these issues.

3. The first problem is water pollution in the country. Most big cities dump their waste into seas and rivers. The second problem is air pollution. When there are too many harmful things in the air, it is polluted. The third problem is land pollution due to large piles of trash and using too many chemical fertilizers to grow vegetables and fruit.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. Now, at the beginning of the 21^st century, we are at crucial turning point, aren’t we?

2. What did we do to upset nature’s sensitive equilibrium?

3. What are the matters of people’s great concern nowadays?

4. What are the three problems caused by human activities?

ВАРИАНТ V

ЗАДАНИЕ 1

Напишите начальную форму слов с учетом орфографических изменений:

1) names; 2) provides; 3) suspended; 4) producing; 5) burnt; 6) beginning; 7) convinced; 8) increased; 9) complicated.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2

Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

1. Precious resource

2. Pollution source

3. Health targets

4. Suspended particles

5. Exhaust gases

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

Письменно переведите предложения и выпишите третью форму глагола (V₃)

1. They measured two things: the amount of sulphur dioxide in the air and the amount of suspended particles, in other words, smoke.

2. Sulphur dioxide is produced when fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and petrol, are burnt.

3. Man has duplicated the fusion process here on Earth.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Письменно переведите предложения, выпишите четвертую форму глагола (V₄).

1. Neutrino, one of the problems of physics, is attracting great interest of scientists.

2. Some radioisotopes are extremely short-lived, disappearing in a millionth part of a second.

3. In the 16-th century the Italian philosopher, Jiordano Bruno, wrote: "There exist innumerable suns and innumerable earths circling around their suns; living things dwell in those worlds".

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание, что причастные обороты соответствуют в русском языке придаточным предложениям.

1. Delivered from the world's second most abundant material sand, silicones are manufactured in the form of rubbers, oils and resins.

2. Mountains, deserts and great canyons making the Missouri area almost impassible very few people lived there.

3. The cleft (расселина) in Lake Baikal having the length of over 30 miles is as wide as half a mile in some places.

ЗАДАНИЕ 6

Письменно переведите сложные предложения с учетом союзного и бессоюзного подчинения.

1. After 400 years of scientific research we are confident Bruno's conclusions about cosmos are sound (здравый).

2. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen arc most important for life and so are the organic compounds built up of them.

3. Scientists think life on our planet and wherever it may be in the Universe is possible due to the bombarding of chemical elements by the particles from outer space.

ЗАДАНИЕ 7

Прочтите текст и переведите устно 1-й, 2-й абзацы, письменно - 3-й, 4-й абзацы.

SMOKY CITIES

1. Clean air is a precious resource. A study by the World Health Organization names dozens of cities that fall below WHO health targets.

The World Health Organization monitored air pollution round the world over eight years. They measured two things: the amount of sulphur dioxide in the air and the amount of suspended particles, in other words, smoke.

2. Sulphur dioxide is produced when fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and petrol, are burnt. Rain washes it out of the air but this creates “acid rain” which pollutes water supplies, damages crops, forests and buildings, and may also affect people’s health.

3. The cities most affected by sulphur dioxide, according to the WHO report, are Milan, Teheran, Prague, Santiago and San Paolo. But some cities with a reputation for clean air get worse in winter. Helsinki, for example, becomes one f the cities with the most sulphur dioxide in the air – in winter. This must be because of the great increase in fossil fuel and wood burnt to heat buildings. Glasgow and Warsaw suffer in the same way.

4. In some hot countries the measurements of smoke may be complicated by desert dust in the air. Lahore, Teheran, Baghdad, Delhi, Calcutta, Athens and Madrid are amongst the smokiest cities. Strong sunlight can also change the exhaust gases from cars and lorries into stronger pollutants.

As the WHO report shows, the type and effects of air pollution depend to a certain extent on climate.

ЗАДАНИЕ 8

Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту, учитывая типы вопросов.

1. What does the World Health Organization do?

2. What is “acid rain”?

3. The cities are mostly affected by sulphur dioxide, aren’t they?

4. What do the effects of air pollution depend on?